低功率密度微波辐射对小鼠学习记忆的影响

Effects of low power density microwave radiation on learning and memory in mice

[目的]观察低功率密度微波辐射对小鼠学习记忆能力的影响。[方法]将40只雄性昆明小鼠随机分成对照组及低、中、高3个微波辐射暴露组(500、1 000、2 000μW/cm^2),每组10只,每天照射1 h,连续照射30 d。照射30 d后进行Y迷宫训练连续7 d,观察小鼠学习记忆能力变化;取海马组织匀浆,用高效液相色谱法观察海马组织中氨基酸含量的变化。[结果]观察学习能力的Y迷宫实验中,与对照组(54.62±3.13)s相比,3个暴露组小鼠的逃避潜伏期[分别(76.24±4.17)s、(95.36±2.31)s、(117.01±4.13)s]均有所延长(P<0.05);中、高暴露组小鼠进入错误区域的次数[(7.24±0.57)、(9.86±0.28)次/min]也较对照组[(2.67±0.38)次/min]增加(P<0.05);微波辐射后海马组织中谷氨酸的质量分数减少,γ-氨基丁酸增加(P<0.05)。[结论]低功率密度微波辐射对小鼠的学习记忆能力有损害,可能是通过γ-氨基丁酸的增加和谷氨酸减少实现的。

[Objective] To observe the effects of low power density microwave radiation on learning and memory ability in mice. [Methods] Forty male Kunming mice were exposed to low, middle, and high microwave radiation（500, 1 000, and 2 000 μW/cm^2）, with 10 mice in each group, for consecutive 30 days（1 h/d）. After microwave radiation, the learning and memory ability was observed by 7-day Y maze training. Mice hippocampi were dissected to detect the levels of amino acid by high performance liquid phase chromatography. [Results] Compared with the control group [（54.62±3.13） s], the three groups exposed to microwave radiation showed extended escape latency in Y maze training [（76.24±4.17）,（95.36±2.31）, and（117.01±4.13） s, respectively]（P〈0.05）. The middle [（7.24±0.57） times/min] and high [（9.86±0.28） times/min] microwave radiation exposed mice had higher frequencies in entering wrong areas（P〈0.05） than the control group [（2.67±0.38） times/min]. Decreased glutamate and increased gamma aminobutyric acid after microwave radiation treatment（P〈0.05） were also recorded. [Conclusion] The impairment induced by low power density microwave radiation on learning and memory ability in mice may be achieved through the increase of gamma aminobutyric acid and the decrease of glutamate in hippocampus.