面向“十三五”流域水环境管理的控制单元划分方法

Dividing method of control units for watershed environmental management in the 13th national five-year plan

针对国家《水污染防治行动计划》提出的对重点流域实施分流域、分区域、分阶段科学治理的要求,便于"十三五"期间基于控制单元的流域水环境管理体系实施。提出一种能有效衔接流域水自然特征和水资源三级分区、以乡镇级行政区划与流域管理相结合、综合考虑污染源分布、社会经济、土地利用等诸因素的控制单元划分方法。基于该方法将全国重点流域划分为1 784个控制单元,并促成环境保护部于2016年6月发布了"十三五"期间全国343个水质需改善控制单元信息清单。为"十三五"期间流域水环境管理进一步明确地方政府责任,实现基于控制单元的水环境精细化、差异化管理提供数据和技术支撑。

According to the requirements of National Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution, rational treatments of subbasin, subregion and substage water sources should be established in the critical watersheds to promote their environmental management based on the control units in the 13th National Five-year Plan. We devel- oped a unit dividing method combining the county administrative boundary and watershed management, integrating natural water characteristics and three-level zoning of water resources. In addition, the factors of pollution distribution, socioeconomic factors, and land use were also considered. Based on the method, the major basins of China are divided into 1784 control units, which facilitate the issue of 343 national control units by Ministry of Environmental Protection. As a result, the water quality need is improved in the 13th National Five-year Plan in June 2016. We hope the method can provide scientific rationale and technical support for the accurate and differentiated watershed environmental man- agement based on control unit with clear responsibility for the local government during 2016--2020.