集体行动者与能动性——集体本体论的两个核心概念

Group Agent and Group Agency: Two Core Concepts of Group Ontology

集体本体论有两个核心概念:集体行动者与集体能动性。推理的进路和意向性的进路分别以随附和集体意向性为核心建构了不可还原的集体主体,形成了当下流行的集体本体论,为集体能否作为责任主体的研究打下了基础。然而,这两种进路的核心有所重合,且都存在细节解释的困境,例如语境设定问题和无穷倒推问题。集体本体论研究的未来方向在于从自下而上的进路转向规范进路和群体视角。

Group agent and group agency are two cores of group ontology. Irreducible group agent is constructed with supervenience and collective intentionality separately by reason approach and intentionality approach, and combines the dominant group agency theories which can be a basis for the future study to solve the problem of a group being a moral responsible subject. However, there are somehow overlaps in the two approaches, even dilemma in details, settling problem and content infinity backward for instance. Future directions are suggested to turn to normal and plural view.