汉语方言“把”字被动标记词的地理分布特点研究

The Geographical Distribution Characteristics of “把”, a Marker of the Passive Voice in Chinese Dialects

根据汉语方言"把"字被动标记词的地理分布,发现其集中于南部方言区,由赣语向西南官话、江淮官话以及湘语、吴语区扩散,呈辐射的分布特点。它的地理分布与人口迁徙方向、交通位置、行政区划一致。吴语、赣语、湘语、粤北土话等许多南方话系统里都有系统的内爆音化现象,"把"字被动标记也有内爆音化现象,从语音学上进一步印证和补充了其地理分布特点。汉语史上"把"字处置标记和被动标记的同形只是历史的偶然,它们分别是两项完全独立、时间层次迥异的语法演变结果。这进一步启示我们:既然"把"表处置不会演变到"把"表被动,那么北方官话区广泛使用"把"字处置标记词,而未使用"把"字被动标记词就可以得到合理的解释。

According, to the geographical distribution characteristics of the word ＂把＂, a passive marker word in Chinese, found in the dialects of the south areas of China, it is found that the geographical distribution of the word ＂把＂ is consistent with the direction of population migration, transportation, and administrative division. In the Wu, Gan, Xiang dialects and the dialects of northern Guangdong province, there are implosives, the word ＂把＂ is one of them. Linguistically, it illustrates the geographical distribution characteristics of ＂把＂. In the history of Chinese language, the word ＂把＂ , originally a disposing marker, gradually becomes a marker of passive voice as Chinese grammar change. It further tells us the reason why in northern Mandarin the word ＂把＂ is commonly used as a a disposing marker but not a marker of passive voice.