不同水肥管理措施对春玉米产量和土壤硝态氮时空分布的影响

Effects of water and fertilizer on yield of spring maize and temporal and spatial distribution of soil nitrate-nitrogen

采取大田结合小区试验的方法,研究了不同水肥管理措施对春玉米产量和土壤硝态氮时空分布的影响。结果表明:水肥一体管理区春玉米产量为17 107 kg·hm-2,显著高于传统水肥管理区(13 349 kg·hm-2);从春玉米出苗期到收获期,无肥区0~90 cm各土层硝态氮含量不断降低,累积总量也从452.5 kg·hm-2降低到279.1 kg·hm-2,传统水肥管理区和水肥一体管理区0~90 cm各土层硝态氮含量和累积总量均呈先上升后下降的趋势,但水肥一体管理区分次追肥避免了传统水肥管理大喇叭口期过量追氮带来的淋溶风险;春玉米大喇叭口期和收获期随着土层深度的增加,0~180 cm土层硝态氮含量呈下降趋势;不同水肥管理措施0~180 cm土层硝态氮累积总量传统水肥管理区最高,大喇叭口期和收获期分别达到1 119.3 kg·hm-2和945.5 kg·hm-2,淋溶风险最大。因此以水肥一体化为核心的水肥管理措施可实现冀西北地区春玉米高产和环境友好。

Field and plot experiment were carried out to investigate effects of different water and fertilizer practices on yield of spring maize and temporal and spatial distribution of soil nitrate nitrogen（ N03^--N）. The results showed that yield was 17 107 kg·hm^-2for integration of water and fertilizer management,being significantly higher than 13 349 kg · hm^-2in traditional water and fertilization management area. From seedling stage to harvest stage of spring maize,N03^--N content in 0 - 90 cm soil layers showed the trends of continuously decreasing in zero fertilizer area,N03^--N accumulation decreased from 452. 5 kg·hm^-2to 279. 1 kg·hm^-2,while N03^--N in0 - 90 cm soil layers showed the trends of increasing first,then decreasing in integration of water and fertilizer management area and traditional water and fertilization management area,but compared with traditional water and fertilization management area,leaching risk of excess N fertilization topdressing could be avoided in integration of water and fertilizer management area through increased topdressing count. At large flare stage and harvest stage,N03^--N content in 0 - 180 cm soil layers decreased with increasing of soil depth. N03^--N accumulation in 0 - 180 cm soil layers,total amount in traditional water and fertilization management area was the highest,which was 1 119. 3kg·hm^-2at large flare stage and 945. 5 kg·hm^-2at harvest stage respectively,and the leaching risk was the largest. Therefore,water and fertilizer management practice as core of integration of water and fertilizer could achieve high yield of spring maize and environmental friendly in the northwest of Hebei province.