土壤耕作部件耐磨减阻处理的研究现状

Research Status of Wear Resistance and Drag Reduction Treatment of Soil Cultivation Components

综述了提高土壤耕作部件耐磨性的多种方法。利用表面处理工程技术,例如堆焊技术、涂覆耐磨材料、热喷涂技术,可以在普通基材制成的零部件表面形成一层耐磨层,磨损时能有效保护零部件,从而使零部件具有良好耐磨性。由于表面涂层的可重复性,利用表面处理工程技术还可以修复磨损不严重的触土部件,提高产品利用率,减少钢铁资源损失。激光表面强化处理与高能离子注渗两种方法可以改变农机触土部件的晶体结构,从而提高产品耐磨性。自然界中的生物经过多年进化,能很好地适应自然环境,以生物体的轮廓结构为模型,依据仿生学理论研制的仿生部件可以有效降低土壤粘附率,达到减粘降阻的效果,进而减小零部件的磨损量,间接提高产品的耐磨性能。通过对海豹、鲨鱼等生物表面的研究发现,非光滑表面比光滑表面具有更好的减粘降阻效果,将零部件表面处理成非光滑表面能大大提高零件的耐磨性能。

The work aims to review various methods of improving wear resistance of soil cultivation components. Engineering technology of surface treatment such as surfacing technology, coating wear-resistant materials and thermal spraying technology can be applied to deposit a wearesistant layer on parts and components made of common base materials, protecting the parts in case of wear, and providing good wear resistance for the parts and components. Due to repeatability of the surface coating, surface treatment engineering technology could be utilized to repair soil-engaging components subject to minor wear, enhance utilization rate of the products and reduce loss of iron and steel resources. Both laser surface hardening treatment and high energy ion implantation could change crystal structure of soil-engaging components on agricultural machinery, so as to improve wear resistance of the products. After years of evolution, organisms in nature could well adapt to the natural environment. Bionic components developed in accordance with bionics theory with outline structure of organisms as model can effectively reduce rate of soil adhesion and achieve the effect of reducing adhesion and resistance, thus reduce abrasion loss of the parts and components, and increase abrasion resistance of the products indirectly. Studies of seals, sharks and other biological surfaces showed that non smooth surfaces had better effect of adhesion and resistance reduction than smooth surfaces. Providing non smooth surface for parts and components can greatly improve wear resistance of parts.