类义词群的语义、形式关联及语用特征——兼谈类义关系研究的词汇学价值

An Study on the Semantic Meaning,Form Correlation and Pragmatic Features of Homologous Word Group——Also on the Value of Lexicology of Homologous Relation

类义关系是词语间的一种纵向聚合关系,以空间接近联想、性质相似联想、特征对比联想、因果关系联想等认知心理为关联基础,主要通过类义词群来体现。类义词群内部成员在语义上表现为概念范畴的"家族相似性";在形式上一般呈现出词形关联、词族现象显著,语音相谐、多音同或音近等特点;在语用方面多具有变异的系统性、场域依存性,内部成员之间在功能和主观义等方面具有差异性等系列特征。类义关系研究能够印证语义场理论,丰富词汇研究的理论和方法,充实高水平类义词辞典的编纂基础,促进人工智能的开发和利用,提高词汇教学的效率,促进跨文化交流。

Homologous relation is a kind of paradigmatic relation among words, which regards association by contiguity, association by similarity, association by contrast, association by causality and other cognitive psychology as collective bases. It is mainly expressed by homologous words. The internal members of homologous word group manifest the ＂family resemblance＂ of conceptual category on the semantic meaning. In the aspect of form, they show the morphological correlation, conspicuous phenomena of word family, phonetic harmony, multi-syllable heteronym words or close-sound words and other features. In the aspect of pragmaties, they have variation of systematicness and field dependence. In the aspect of function and subjective meaning, there are differences and series of features among the internal members. The study of the homologous relation can confirm the semantic field theory, enrich the theories and the methods of lexical research, enrich the basis of compilation of high-level thesaurus, promote the exploitation and utilization of the artificial intelligence, improve the efficiency of words teaching and promote cross-cultural communication.