酮病对奶牛生产性能和繁殖性能的影响

Effect of ketosis on the productive performance and reproductive performance in dairy cows

酮病是奶牛围产期常发生的主要营养代谢病,奶牛酮病给奶牛业造成了严重的经济损失。为了探讨奶牛酮病对奶牛泌乳性能和繁殖性能的影响,以黑龙江省两个集约化和规范化大型奶牛场为试验场,选择产后7~28 d的泌乳荷斯坦奶牛97头,分为酮病组(47头)和健康对照组(50头),记录奶牛的年龄、体况、胎次及泌乳量等基本信息,检测血浆中β-羟基丁酸(BHBA)含量,并应用奶牛场阿菲金软件信息系统统计奶牛泌乳早期泌乳性能及繁殖性能等各项指标。结果表明:酮病组奶牛与健康对照组奶牛比较泌乳周期显著增加,泌乳量显著降低(P<0.05),干奶期时间差异不显著(P>0.05);酮病组奶牛与健康对照组奶牛相比,配种次数、配种天数和产犊间隔显著增加(P<0.05),初配天数和首次发情天数差异不显著(P>0.05);酮病与真胃变位、胎衣不下、前胃弛缓、蹄病、乳房炎虽有相关性,但差异不显著(P>0.05);说明奶牛患酮病时泌乳量显著降低,泌乳周期延长,同时配种次数、配种天数、产犊间隔的延长更不利于奶牛业的发展,将造成严重的经济损失。

Ketosis is the main nutritional and metabolic disease in dairy cows during transition period, and it causes serious economic losses to the dairy industry. To explore the effect of ketosis on the productive performance and reproductive performance in dairy cows, 97 lactating Hol- stein cows selected from two intensive and standardized large - scale dairy farms in Heilongjiang province, were divided into a ketosis group including 47 cows and healthy control group including 50 cows. The age, body condition, parity, lactation yield, and other basic information of dairy cows were recorded and the content of ~ -hydroxybutyric acid （BHBA） in plasma was detected, while various indexes of lactation performance during early lactation and reproductive performance in dairy cows were counted using an Afimilk software information system for dairy farm. The results showed that the lactation cycle in the ketosis group was significant higher than that in the healthy control group, and the lacta- tion yield in the ketosis group was significant lower （ P 〈 0. 05 ）, while there was no significant difference （ P 〉 0.05 ） in the time of drying - off between the two groups ; The number of mating times, number of breeding days and calving interval in the ketosis group was significant increased （ P 〈0. 05 ） compared with the healthy control group, and there were no significant differences （ P 〉 0.05） in the days of first mating and first estrus between the two groups; Although ketosis is related with displaced abomasum, retained placenta, atony of forestomach, hoof diseases and mastitis, but the differences were not significant （P 〉 0. 05 ） ; The results indicate that when dairy cows suffering from ketosis, the lactation yield is significantly decreased, and the lactation cycle is also prolonged, while the number of mating times, number of breeding days, calving interval prolonged is less conducive to the development of the dairy industry, which will cause serious economic losses.