不同钻井方式对致密砂岩储层损害评价实验

Experimental evaluation on the damages of different drilling modes to tight sandstone reservoirs

不同的钻井方式对储层的损害类型和损害程度具有不同的影响。为此,根据对储层损害地质特征及潜在损害类型的分析结果,立足于不同钻井方式下地层压力和井底流压之间的关系,设计了气体钻井、液基欠平衡钻井和过平衡钻井等3种钻井方式下的储层损害实验流程,并以塔里木盆地侏罗系阿合组和四川盆地川中地区三叠系须家河组致密砂岩储层岩心为样品开展了模拟损害实验。结果表明:1欠平衡钻井对储层渗透率损害程度低,有利于保护储层,但表现出一定的应力敏感效应,得到了应力敏感系数经验公式;2过平衡钻井由于固相和液相的侵入,对储层损害程度大且随岩心含水饱和度增加到束缚水饱和度之后,气测渗透率降低程度加快,水锁损害程度增加。结论认为,室内实验储层损害结果与实钻条件下的储层损害特征一致,能准确反映实际钻井条件下的储层损害特征,可作为不同钻井方式下储层损害实验评价的新方法。

The damages of different drilling modes to reservoirs are different in types and degrees. In this paper, the geologic charac- teristics and types of such damages were analyzed. Then, based on the relationship between reservoir pressure and bottom hole flowing pressure corresponding to different drilling modes, the experimental procedures on reservoir damages in three drilling modes （e.g. gas drilling, liquid-based underbalanced drilling and overbalanced drilling） were designed. Finally, damage simulation experiments were con- ducted on the tight sandstone reservoir cores of the Jurassic Ahe Fm in the Tarim Basin and Triassic Xujiahe Fm in the central Sichuan Basin. It is shown that the underbalanced drilling is beneficial to reservoir protection because of its less damage on reservoir permea- bility, but it is, to some extent, sensitive to the stress and the empirical formula of stress sensitivity coefficient is obtained; and that the overbalanced drilling has more reservoir damages due to the invasion of solid and liquid phases. After the water saturation of cores rises to the irreducible water saturation, the decline of gas logging permeability speeds up and the damage degree of water lock increases. It is concluded that the laboratory experiment results of reservoir damage are accordant with the reservoir damage characteristics in actual drilling conditions. Therefore, this method reflects accurately the reservoir damage characteristics and can be used as a new experimental evaluation method on reservoir damage in different drilling modes.