农地经营规模与稻谷生产成本:江苏案例

Farm Size and Rice Production Cost: A Case Study in Jiangsu Province

本文对江苏省稻谷种植户微观数据分析发现,稻谷单位成本与种植规模间呈现"U型"关系,即随着规模的扩大,农户的单位稻谷生产成本呈现下降趋势,但当规模超过200亩后成本开始上升;稻谷生产成本过高与农户过度投入化肥和人工两种要素有关。本文的政策启示是,随着水稻种植户中适度规模经营主体比重的提升,规模经济效应带来的生产成本的下降为调整我国稻谷最低收购价格创造了条件。同时,我国应该进一步推进适度规模经营,大力发展农机社会化服务,提高粮食生产各环节机械对劳动的替代,降低粮食生产成本。

Based on household data of rice farms from Jiangsu Province,our study found that,rice unit cost of production and farm size have exhibited U-shaped relationship,viz.,rice unit cost of production decreasing with farm size increasing,however,the unit cost of production will increase when farm size is more than 200 mu. In addition,our results show that,farmers overuse fertilizer and labor attributing to higher unit cost of production. Our results have some policy implication. First,the effect of economies of size with increasing rate of larger farmers will create great chance to adjust the Grain Minimum Purchase Price Policy; second,Chinese government should further encourage appropriate size operation and develop machinery socialization service to substitute for labor and reduce rice unit cost of production.