日光温室边际土壤温度试验及模拟研究

Experiment and Simulation of Soil Temperature at Edge Area in Solar Greenhouse

以内蒙古标准"三立一坡"型日光温室为研究对象,对距离南侧边际0~350cm,深0~55cm范围内的土壤温度进行实测,绘制了有内拱棚以及无内拱棚测试土壤层温度特性曲线,并分析了土壤温度边际效应随外界环境变化的规律,同时建立一种含有内拱棚的日光温室南侧区域土壤温度计算模型。结果表明:除南侧边际10cm测点外,内拱棚的增加对5cm土壤层温度平均提升1.7℃左右,对25cm处土壤层温度平均提升1℃左右,而对于深度55cm处的土壤温度几乎没有影响。在距南侧边际70cm处增加内拱棚,不仅有效推迟边际界点内移,而且当室外温度降至均值-18℃,含拱棚的日光温室边际界点比不含内拱棚的小于60cm左右。采用Gambit建立模型,运用流体力学CFD(computational fluid dynamics)模拟含内拱棚不同土壤层温度,此模型能够较准确的模拟日光温室南侧边际不同层土壤温度,为种植作物提供有效理论依据。

The Inner Mongolia standard‘three vertical and one slope＇type solar greenhouse was used as research object.On the south side of the distance of 0-350 cm,the depth of 0-55 cm range of soil temperature measured,the inner arch shed as well as no internal arch shed to test the temperature characteristic curve of soil layer.The effect of soil temperature on the change of soil temperature was analyzed,and the calculation model of soil temperature on the south side of solar greenhouse with internal arch roof was established.The results showed that,in addition to the south marginal 10 cm measuring point,the increase of 5cm in greenhouse soil layer average temperature increased 1.7℃,the temperature at 25 cm soil layer increased 1℃,and there was almost no effect on soil temperature at 55 cm depth;the increase from the south side of 70 cm in the marginal shed,not only effectively delayed the marginal points,and when the outdoor temperature was-18 ℃ to mean,with the marginal points in greenhouse shed than without inner arch shed less than about 60 cm.Gambit（computational fluid dynamics CFD）was used to simulate the temperature of different soil layers in the inner arch shed.The model could accurately simulate the soil temperature of different layers on the south side of sunlight greenhouse and to provide the effective basis for planting crops.