心理护理及健康指导对肾脏疾病透析期患者依从性和负性情绪及透析效果的影响

The effect of psychological care and health guidance on the compliance,negative emotions and dialysis effect of renal disease patients

目的探讨心理护理及健康指导对肾脏疾病透析期患者依从性和负性情绪的影响,并观察透析效果。方法选取2014年6月-2016年6月在血液透析室接受透析治疗的肾脏疾病患者128例,将患者随机分为对照组和实验组各64例。对照组给予常规护理,实验组在对照组基础上加强心理护理及健康指导。采用焦虑自评量表(self-rating anxiety scale,SAS)和抑郁自评量表(self-rating depression scale,SDS)评估2组患者的负性情绪;检测患者血尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(Cr)值,比较2组患者透析效果;比较2组患者依从性、透析知识和自护技能、满意度。结果实验组SAS和SDS评分分别为(51.23±8.19)分和(52.60±7.58)分,低于对照组的(56.42±8.70)分和(58.28±7.93)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),透析效果好于对照组,差异有统计学意义(Z=-1.968,P=0.049),患者依从性、透析知识和自护技能及满意度分别为(95.20±10.17)分、(93.49±11.28)分和(97.62±11.22)分,均高于对照组的(82.36±10.43)分、(87.16±11.05)分和(90.51±10.74)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对肾脏疾病透析期患者加强心理护理及健康指导,能够提高患者获取知识及自我护理技能的能力及依从性,显著改善患者的负性情绪,提高透析效果。

Objective To explore the effect of psychological care and health guidance on thecompliance, negative emotions and dialysis effect of renal diseases patients undergoing dialysis. Methods Totally 128 renal diseases patients undergoing dialysis between June 2014 and 2016 in our hospital were selected and randomly divided into a control group and an 64. Both groups were given routine care,and the experimental group was additionally provided withpsychological care and health guidance. The sel-rating anxiety scale （SAS） and sel-rating depression scale （SDS） were used to evaluable patients/ negative emotions. The patient compliance, dialysis knowledge and sel-care skills were compared between the 2 groups. The blood urea nitrogen （BUN） and blood creatinine （Cr） levels were measured and compared. Results After the intervention,the average compliance,dialysis knowledge and sel-care skills and satisfaction scores of the experimentalgroup were （95. 20 ± 10. 1 7 ）,（ 93. 49 ± 11. 28） and （97. 62 ± 11. 22 ）,significantly higher than those of the control group （82. 36± 10. 4 3 ）,（ 87. 16± 11. 05） and （90. 51 ± 10.74） accordingly （P〈0. 05）. However, the SAS and SDS scores of the experimentalgroup after the interventionwere（ 51. 23 ± 8. 19 ） and （ 52. 60 ± 7. 58 ） respectively,significantly lower than thecont r olgr oup [（56. 42 ± 8. 70） a n d （58. 28± 7. 93） respectively]（ P 〈0. 05）. The dialysis effect of the experimental group was better than that of the control group（Z=-1.968,P=0. 049）. Conclusion For renal diseases patients undergoing dialysis, the psychological care and health guidance can help them promote their knowledge about their disease and self-care skills, as well as compliance. Their negative emotions can be relieved and the effect of dialysis can be significantly improved.