痛感的审美:韩愈诗歌的身体书写

Painful Aesthetics: Corporeal Writing in Han Yu's Poems

家族普遍的短寿引起韩愈的生存恐惧,由此而特别关切自身,其诗中出现大量身体词汇,显示出对身体器官组织的特殊嗜好。最著名的是关于牙齿的书写,其《落齿》诗标志着唐元和时期某种身体书写的转向。韩诗爱写极端的气候体验、丑怪的动物、令人焦灼烦躁的声色气味、血腥的杀戮,表现出基于身体立场的病态物感,即痛感的审美。"火"与"刀"为偏旁的文字所体现的语言风格,代表韩诗痛感审美的两大类型。韩愈将写作痛苦视如一种自我虐杀,将艺术创作和欣赏中抽象的心智概念置换为具体的身体器官,将写作看成语言对物象的暴力斫刻。韩诗身体书写的意义在于对陈言套语的反击,使之重新获得语言的物质性和鲜活感性。韩诗提供了关于身体与风格之关系的研究路径。

The generally short lifespan of his family members caused an existential dread in Han Yu（ 韩愈）.As a result,he paid special attention to his own physical condition. The appearance of a large amount of corporeal vocabulary in his poems revealed his special interest in body parts and organs. The best-known example was his writing about teeth,with his poem entitled The Missing Tooth（ 《落齿》） as a mark to show the transition to a certain corporeal writing in the Yuanhe（ 元和） period of the Tang Dynasty. In his poems,Han Yu wrote fervently about his experience of extreme weather,monstrous beasts,worrying and agitating sounds,colors and smells,and bloody slaughter,showing his pathological sense of things on the basis of his physical condition,that is,the painful aesthetics. The linguistic style embodied by such Chinese character components as 火（ fire） and 刀（ knife） represented the two types of painful aesthetics in Han Yu＇s poems.Han Yu considered writing in pain as a kind of self-maltreatment. He replaced the abstract intelligent concept in artistic creation and appreciation by concrete body organs,and regarded writing as a violent cleavage of images by language. The significance of the corporeal writing in Han Yu＇s poems lay in his counterattack against the use of cliches,in an effort to renew the linguistic materiality and sensibility. Han ＇s poems provided a research approach for the relationship between corporeality and poetic style.