外泌体在肿瘤诊疗中的研究进展

Research progress of exosomes in tumor diagnosis and treatment

外泌体是具有磷脂双分子膜结构的纳米级囊泡,直径在30~100 nm,广泛分布于血清、唾液、尿液等体液中。外泌体中包含多种蛋白质、核苷酸、甚至病毒等遗传物质,广泛参与细胞间物质交换和信息传递。最近研究发现,肿瘤细胞分泌的外泌体中mRNA和miRNA等遗传物质直接来自母体肿瘤细胞,此外外泌体携带的遗传物质可以直接作用于受体细胞,因此外泌体可能成为肿瘤诊断和治疗的新靶点。本文对外泌体作为肿瘤诊断的标志物以及外泌体对肿瘤治疗的作用作一综述。

Exosomes have a size of 30-100 nm and membrane-bound nanovesicles,which is widely present in nearly all human body fluids,such as serum,saliva and urine,etc. Exosomes contain multiple proteins,nucleotides,and even viruses,and play an important role in the substance exchange and information transmission between cells. Recently,research found that genetic materials secreted from exosomes such as mRNA and miRNA were directly derived from their parent tumor cells,and they can directly effect on the receptor cells. Therefore,exosomes may become a new target for diagnosis and treatment of cancer. In this review,we described exosomes as a marker in early diagnosis of cancer,and its applications in cancer therapy.