山旱塬区花牛苹果树干茎流及其与环境因子的关系

Stemflow of Huaniu apple tree and its relationship with environmental factors at mountain plateau areas

为探明山旱塬区苹果园耗水规律以及影响果树耗水的主导因子,确定水分承载力,合理配置有限的水资源,于2014~2015年采用SF-L树干茎流仪和Watch Dog 2900ET自动气象站对山旱塬区花牛苹果树干茎流及环境因子进行了连续观测,分析了花牛苹果树干茎流速率的变化规律及其与环境因子的相关关系。结果表明,在果树生长周期,各月份根据日均茎流速率由大到小排列依次为5月、6月、7月、8月、9月,随着月份的递增,茎流峰值出现时间逐渐延迟;5~9月份苹果树干茎流速率变化规律表现为昼高夜低,7:00~9:00树干茎流速率开始急速上升,12:00~15:00达到最大值,17:00~18:00开始逐步下降,21:00趋于稳定;不同天气条件下苹果树干茎流速率为晴天大于雨天;对茎流速率与环境因子的相关性分析结果表明,太阳辐射强度、相对湿度、空气温度、饱和水气压差、露点温度与树干茎流速率呈极显著性相关,风速对茎流速率也有一定影响。

In order to explore water consumption regular of apple orchards and the dominant factors of fruit tree water consumption at mountain plateau area, to determine bearing capacity of water, and to reasonably allocate limited water resources, stemlfow of Huaniu apple tree and environmental factors were monitored continuously by using SF-L stemlfow meter and automatic meteorological observation system （Watch Dog 2900ET） During the measurement period from 2014 to 2015 at the mountain plateau, and the relationship between stemlfow rate of apple tree and the meteorological factors. The results showed that from May to September, the mean diurnal stemlfow rate was successively decreased in the growth cycle of fruit trees, and the time of stemlfow peak appearing was successively delayed. The variation regular of stemlfow rate of apple tree in daytime was higher than that at night. The stemlfow rate was increased rapidly during 7：00-9：00, it reached the maximum during 12：00-15：00, it began to be decreased gradually during 17：00-18：00, and then it was stable during 21：00-22：00. Under different weather conditions, the stemlfow rate in sunny day was higher than that in rainy day. The result of correlation analysis showed that the stemlfow rate had extremely signiifcant relationship with solar radiation, relative humidity, air temperature, vapor pressure deifcit, dew point temperature, and the stemlfow rate had signiifcant relationship with wind speed.