湖南省贫困农村地区6~24月龄婴幼儿营养包有效服用相关因素

Factors associated with taking Yingyangbao efficiently among infants and young children aged 6-24 months in poor rural areas of Hunan Province,China

目的了解贫困农村地区6~24月龄婴幼儿营养包有效服用情况及相关因素。方法 2015年8月在湖南省辖区内武陵山区和罗霄山区25个贫困县采用概率比例规模抽样(PPS抽样)方法抽取7481名农村6~24月龄婴幼儿作为研究对象,采用问卷调查婴幼儿的基本信息、家庭基本情况以及营养包服用情况等;采用多因素非条件Logistic回归模型分析6~24月龄婴幼儿营养包有效服用相关因素。结果营养包发放率为90.4%(6762/7481);营养包有效服用率为69.2%(4677/6762),营养包有效服用的婴幼儿占总调查人数的62.5%(4677/7481)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,相对于6~11月龄,12~17月龄和18~24月龄是婴幼儿营养包有效服用的保护因素(OR=0.839,95%CI 0.735~0.959;OR=0.854,95%CI 0.748~0.974);相对于汉族,苗族、土家族、侗族以及其他少数民族是婴幼儿营养包有效服用的保护因素(OR=1.243,95%CI 1.070~1.443;OR=2.352,95%CI 2.008~2.755;OR=1.801,95%CI 1.453~2.233;OR=1.675,95%CI 1.192~2.355);相对于父亲小学及以下学历,父亲高中以及大学及以上学历是婴幼儿营养包有效服用的保护因素(OR=0.774,95%CI 0.618~0.970;OR=0.570,95%CI 0.428~0.760);相对于父亲职业为农民,父亲职业为工人/干部是婴幼儿营养包有效服用的危险因素(OR=1.279,95%CI 1.104~1.482);相对于看护人为父母,看护人为祖父母是婴幼儿营养包有效服用的保护因素(OR=0.651,95%CI 0.581~0.729);相对于营养包服用无不适反应,营养包服用有不适反应是婴幼儿营养包有效服用的危险因素(OR=2.759,95%CI 2.346~3.245)。结论贫困农村地区婴幼儿营养包有效服用率较低;低月龄、少数民族、父亲低学历、父亲职业为工人/干部、看护人为父母以及营养包服用不适反应是婴幼儿营养包有效服用的危险因素。

Objective To describe the status and identify factors associated withtaking Yingyangbao efficiently among infants and young children aged 6- 24 months in poor rural areas. Methods A total of 7481 rural infants and young children aged between6 and 24 months in 25 poor counties of Wuling Mountains and Luoxiao Mountains in Hunan Province were selected by Probability-Proportional-to-Size Sampling（ PPS）,and designed questionnaires to collect infants and young children＇s information of personal,family and taking Yingyangbao. Non-conditional Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the factors associated with taking Yingyangbao among infants and young children aged 6- 24 months. Results The findings indicated that 90. 4%（ 6762 /7481） of infants and young children had got Yingyangbao,and 69. 2%（ 4677 /6762） of infants and young children took Yingyangbao efficiently,62. 5%（ 4677 /7481） of all investigative infants and young children took Yingyangbao efficiently. The result of multivariate non-conditional logistic regression analysis showed that,compared with 6- 11 months,12- 17 and18- 24 months were protective factors of infants and young children took Yingyangbao efficiently（ OR = 0. 839,95% CI 0. 735- 0. 959. OR = 0. 854,95% CI 0. 748-0. 974）. Compared with Han ethnic,Miao,Tujia,Dong and other minority ethnic were risk factors of infants and young children took Yingyangbao efficiently（ OR = 1. 243,95%CI 1. 07- 1. 443. OR = 2. 352,95% CI 2. 008- 2. 755. OR = 1. 801,95% CI 1. 453-2. 233. OR = 1. 675,95% CI 1. 192- 2. 355）. Compared with father with primary school education or below,father with senior high school education and educated to university level or above were protective factors of infants and young children took Yingyangbao efficiently（ OR = 0. 774,95% CI 0. 618- 0. 970. OR = 0. 570,95% CI 0. 428-0. 760）. Compared with famer father,worker or cadre father was risk factor of infants and young children took Yingyangbao efficiently（ OR = 1. 279,95% CI 1. 104- 1. 482）.Compared with parents as caregivers,grandparents as caregivers was protective factor of infants and young children took Yingyangbao efficiently（ OR = 0. 651,95% CI 0. 581-0. 729）. Compared with taking Yingyangbao with no adverse reaction,taking Yingyangbao with adverse reaction was risk factor of infants and young children took Yingyangbao efficiently（ OR = 2. 759,95% CI 2. 346- 3. 245）. Conclusion The rate of taking Yingyangbao efficiently among infants and young children in poor rural areas is low. The risk factors of infants and young children taking Yingyangbao efficiently include lower in age（ months）,of minority ethnic,of father with lower education,of father who is worker or cadre,of parents as caregiver,and of taking Yingyangbao with adverse reaction.