贵州、云南和山西省贫困农村儿童营养包食用依从性及影响因素

Status of Yingyangbao's compliance and its affected factors among infants in three poor rural provinces

目的调查贵州、云南和山西省贫困农村的儿童营养包食用情况,并分析影响营养包食用的因素。方法于2014年12月选取贵州省、云南省和山西省为调查点,采用整群分层随机抽样方法,每个省份抽取2个县、每个县抽取2个乡,共447名儿童看护人进行问卷调查,内容包括儿童营养包食用的依从性、看护人对营养包的认知、获取营养包知识的途径,单因素分析影响营养包食用依从性的因素采用χ~2分析、多因素分析采用Logistic回归。随机选取43名依从性不好的看护人按照访谈提纲进行个人访谈,采用主题框架法深入分析影响因素,包括儿童因素、看护人因素和村医因素。结果 81.0%的儿童营养包食用依从性好。知道营养包能够预防营养不良及贫血的看护人占83.0%和66.0%,80.8%的看护人获取营养包知识的途径为面对面咨询村医。与6月龄母乳喂养的儿童相比,混合喂养(OR=26.698,95%CI4.411~161.614)、人工喂养(OR=4.709,95%CI 1.089~20.369)是儿童有效食用营养包的保护因素;儿童爱吃营养包(OR=4.396,95CI 1.859~10.395)及看护人知道营养包能够预防营养不良(OR=4.421,95%CI 1.335~14.638)是儿童有效食用营养包的保护因素。结论儿童、看护人是影响儿童有效食用营养包的关键。

Objective This study aimed to analyze the consumption status of Yingyangbao and its affected factors in 3 poor rural Provinces. Methods Appling stratified cluster sampling method, 447 caregivers from Guizhou, Yunnan and Shanxi Provinces were investigated to analyze the compliance and caregivers＇ awareness of Yingyangbao, as well as the method to acquire the knowledge of Yingyangbao in 2014. Affected factors were detected by Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression. 43 caregivers with poor compliance were interviewed under the guidance of interview outline. The matic framework was applied to do interview data analysis, including infants, caregivers and village doctors. Results 81.0% infants and children ate more than 3 sachets of Yingyangbao last week. More than half of the caregivers （83.0% and 66.0% ） knew that the Yingyangbao can prevent malnutrition and anemia. 80. 8% caregivers achieved the knowledge of Yingyangbao through village doctors. Compared with breastfeeding, mixed feeding （ OR = 26. 698, 95% CI 4. 411 - 161. 614） and formulas feeding（OR =d. 709, 95% CI 1. 089 -20. 369） were the protecting factors, children who like eating Yingyangbao （OR =4. 369, 95% CI 1. 859 - 10. 395） and caregivers who know that Yingyangbao （OR = 4. 421, 95% CI 1. 335 - 14. 638 ） can prevent malnutrition were the protecting factors. Conclusion Infants and caregivers were the key factors affecting children eating Yingyangbao effectively.