学校体育场地设施对社会开放的安全风险规避研究

Evasion of Security Risk Regarding School Sport Fields and Facilities Opening to the Public

为科学预测和控制学校体育场地设施对社会开放的安全风险,运用文献资料法、访谈法、案例分析法、问卷调查法和数理统计法对学校体育场地设施对社会开放过程中出现的安全风险因素进行研究。基于90个开放案例的事故树分析,识别出开放过程中的物、人、制度和环境4大类,共30个安全风险因素;通过巴雷托分析法和风险矩阵分析法评估出运动场地、运动器材设施,锻炼者、管理者4类关键安全风险因素11个;针对关键安全风险因素,提出引入第三方管理,分时、分类、分阶段开放,与社区合作、加强社区居民的管理,多元主体协同供给体育指导、咨询服务等事前风险预防措施;引入开放风险保险制度,设立开放风险专项基金制度的事后风险转移措施。以期能解决学校体育场地设施对社会开放过程中面临的实际问题,推进学校体育场地设施资源共享,促进全民健身事业的发展。

In order to forecast and control security risk of school sport fields and facilities opening to the public,this paper analyzed its security risk factors by the methods of literature review,interview,case study,questionnaire,and mathematical statistics.Based on the case analysis of 90 openness accidents,this research identified30 security risk factors that were categorized into object,human,system and environment.And it evaluated 11 security risk factors related to sport fields,sport equipment facilities,trainees and managers by using the methods of Barreto analysis and risk matrix.For the crucial security risk factors,this paper proposed an introduction of a third party in management,an openness that is time-conditioned,classified and phased,management of residents in cooperation with communities,the collaboration of multi-agents in providing directions and consultation,an introduction of insurance system relating to openness risk and measures of avoiding the subsequent transfer of special fund set up for openness risk.This study hoped can solve the practical problems in the opening,promote the sharing of school sports fields and facilities resources,and promote the development of the national fitness.