世居高原中长跑运动员“高原-亚高原-平原”和“高原-平原”训练模式的对比研究

Comparative Study on the Two Training Models of "Plateau-Sub plateau-Plain" and "Plateau-Plain" of Middle and Long Distance Runners Living in Plateau

目的:探索并比较"高原-亚高原-平原"和"高原-平原"两种过渡训练模式对世居高原的中长跑藏族运动员有氧能力和心肺功能影响。方法:将甘孜藏族自治州重点业余体校20名藏族男子中长跑运动员随机分为两组(实验组10名和对照组10名),实验组进行"高原1周-亚高原2周-平原1周"过渡训练,对照组进行"高原3周-平原1周"传统的过渡训练。训练结束后,分别在高原(四川康定)、亚高原(四川泸定)、平原(四川成都)进行12min跑测试,测定运动员的最大摄氧量(VO2max)、运动后心率、运动后血氧饱和度、运动后血乳酸和运动后尿蛋白等,并在安静状态下测定运动员血清CK-MB、EPO、HIF-α和血睾酮等生理指标。结果:(1)两组世居高原藏族中长跑运动员在训练后12min跑的测试成绩、最大摄氧量、运动后心率、运动后血氧饱和度、运动后血乳酸、运动后尿蛋白、血清CK-MB、EPO、HIF-α和血睾酮从高原到平原均呈上升趋势,各项指标皆存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。(2)与对照组相比,实验组运动员进行"高原-亚高原-平原"过渡训练后,12min跑的测试成绩、最大摄氧量、运动后心率明显升高(P<0.05),同时安静状态下的血清CK-MB、HIF-α和血睾酮增加更明显,并有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:"高原-亚高原-平原"过渡训练这一训练模式较传统的高原训练模式对于提高世居高原的中长跑运动员心肺功能的适应能力有着较好促进作用,有利于世居高原中长跑运动员更快更好的适应从高原到平原的海拔落差,有助于运动员训练时运动强度的提升和成绩的提高。

To explore the effect of ＂plateau - Sub plateau - plain＂ training mode on the aerobic ability and cardiopulmonary function of middle - and - long distance Tibetan runners who live in plateau for generations. Methods： 20 male middle distance Tibetan runners from Key amateur sports schools in Garzg Tibetan Autono- mous Prefecture were randomly divided into two groups （ 10 in the experimental group and the rest 10 in the control group）. The experimental group received a transitional training, i.e. ＂ 1 week training in plateau - 2 weeks training in sub plateau - 1 week training in plain＂, while the control group received a traditional plateau training, i.e. 3 weeks training in plateau and 1 week training in plain. After trainings, runners were arranged to take 12min running test in plateau （Kangding County, Sichuan Province）, sub plateau （Luding County, Si- chuan Province） and plain （ Chengdu, Sichuan Province） respectively. Test indicators include the maximal ox- ygen uptake （VO2 max）, heart rate after exercise, blood oxygen saturation after exercise, blood lactic acid and urine protein after exercise. Physiological indicators including the serum level of CK - MB, EPO, HIF - alpha and serum testosterone and other indexes were tested when runners were in quiet state. Results ： （ 1 ） All the a- bove = mentioned indicators and 12min running scores of the two groups presented an upward trend from plateau to plain. There were significant differences in the indicators between the two groups （ P 〈 0.05 ）. （2） After the ＂plateau- sub plateau- plain＂ transition training, the 12rain running test and the VO max, pest- exercise heart rate of the experimental group, as compared with the control group, increased significantly （ P 〈 0.05 ）. The serum CK - MB, HIF - alpha and blood testosterone of the experimental group in quiet state increased markedly and there was a significant difference （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusion ： As compared with the traditional training model, the plateau - subplateau - plain training model has a better promotional effect on improving the cardiopulmonary function of middle and long distance runners living in plateau and can help middle and long distance runners to adapt to the altitude loss in a faster and better way and help improve athletes＇ exercise in- tensity and scores.