中国农村反贫困问题研究:类型、误区及对策

Research on Anti-Poverty in Rural China:Types, Misunderstandings and Countermeasures

改革开放以来,中国在反贫困方面取得了巨大成就,主要原因是城市化为农户家庭提供了城市获利机会。大量农村剩余劳动力进城务工经商,让渡出农村获利机会,从而使得留村务农农户也可以有相对较高收入。当前中国农村贫困主要有两种类型:一是农户缺少家庭劳动力而产生的贫困,二是生存条件恶劣的连片特困地区的贫困。反贫困是一个长期的过程,不可急于求成。解决农村贫困的根本办法是继续城市化,为农户提供在城市获利的体制机制保障,基础则是为农民提供增长自我发展能力所需的基础设施和公共服务。

Since the reform and opening up, China has made great achievements in anti-poverty. The main reason is that urbanization provides urban profit opportunities for farmers＇ families. A large number of rural surplus labor forces enter the city to do business, transfer out of rural profit opportuni- ties, so that the farmers can also have a relatively high income. There are two types of rural poverty in China at present. One type is due to the lack of family labor, and the other is due to poor living conditions, that is, the particularly impoverished mountainous areas. Anti-poverty is a long-term process and can not be solved in the short term. The fundamental way to solve rural poverty is to continue urbanization, help farmers benefit from the city, the foundation is to provide farmers with infrastructure and public services to enhance their self-development capacity.