守望乡愁:东部山区农村老人的主动留守

Cherishing Nostalgia:the Voluntarily Stay-at-Home Elderly in Mountainous Areas of Eastern China

城乡二元结构、对城市生活的不适应等通常被认为是农村老人留守的主要原因。我国东部地区也有留守老人,然而留守原因并非都是无奈之举,而是基于乡愁的理性选择。通过对100位留守老人的问卷调查以及23位留守老人的深度访谈,发现东部山区农村老人选择主动留守是对乡愁的守望,表现为五个方面:对故土的依恋、邻里的守望相助、维系传统的"家"观念、实现自我价值、重塑代际关系。最后就关爱留守老人从充实文化生活、提倡情感慰藉、建设美丽乡村三个方面提出相关建议。

Urban-rural dual structure, inadaptation to rban life and some other factors are considered as the main reasons why the rural elderly choose to stay at home. Though there are also many stay-at-home elderly in eastern China, their staying is not a helpless choice, but a rational one based on nostalgia. After making a questionnaire to and an in-depth interview with 100 and 23 stay-at-home elderly respectively, we find the reason why the stay-at-home elderly in mountainous areas of eastern China voluntarily do so is out of their eherishment of nostalgia, which manifest itself in five aspects： attachment to home, accompany and assistance of neighbors, concept of ＂home＂ maintaining tradition, realization of self-worth, and reestablishment of relations between generations. Finally, we put forward some suggestions on taking care of the elderly, including enriching their cultural life, adding more emotional solace and building a beautiful countryside for them.