我国男子百米运动员苏炳添起跑加速技术研究

On block start and acceleration techniques of Chinese men's 100 m athlete Su Bingtian

通过文献资料法、高速摄像与录像解析的方法,揭示苏炳添百米前三步起跑加速技术特点,为科学化训练提供理论依据。研究结果表明,在预备姿势时,苏炳添后腿膝关节角度相对较小,身体重心离起跑线水平距离较近,前脚跖趾关节与身体重心间水平距离适中;在后蹬过程中,支撑脚蹬离地面时躯干姿势前倾度较大、身体重心较低、重心水平速度较大,而摆动腿前摆时质心较低、膝关节角度较大、足部贴近于地面;在蹬离起跑器后的前三次着地时刻,身体重心高度较低,重心位置处于着地脚的跖趾关节之前,且两者水平距离差相对较大,摆动腿膝关节角度较大;在步长方面没有表现出依次渐长现象,而是第一步步长最大,第三步步长又大于第二步,步频表现则为逐渐加快。

With document literature, high-speed camera shooting and video analysis, the paper in-vestigates the block startand accelerationtechniques of Chinese men＇s 100 mathlete Su Bingtian. It shows that the angle of rearknee is relative smaller, the body center of gravity is closer to starting line, thehorizontaldistance betweenthefrontforefoot metatarsophalangealjoint and the bodycenter of gravity is moderate at set position. The angle between trunk and horizontal level is larger, the height of the body centerof gravity is lower, and the horizontal velocity is higher at take-off. Fur-thermore,during the recovery of the swinging leg, it swings lowly to the ground with the lower leg extended to the point that the foot is barely off the ground. At the instant of the first three touching down afterblocking, the horizontal distance betweenthefrontforefoot metatarsophalangealjoint and the body centerof gravity is relative farther. Also, the swinging leg knee has a larger angle so that the body centerof gravity maintainslower. Additionally, thefirst stridelengthis thelongestone and the third is longerthan the second. Stride frequency continues to increases from first stride to third.