发达国家乳业发展经验及对中国的启示

Dairy Development Experience of Developed Countries and Implications for China

新西兰、荷兰、美国作为世界上的乳业大国,其发展有共同之处:3个国家的乳业都呈现出集约化和规模化的特点,组织程度提高带来了成本节约和技术进步;乳业的纵向产业联系紧密,奶农参股乳业合作社,乳业合作社再参股乳制品加工企业,使三者形成一个利益链条,保证了奶农的利益和企业的长远发展;质量管理体系完善,产业链每个环节都有严格质量监督标准,第三方检测和评估制度确保了标准的落实,保障了乳制品的质量安全。对比我国乳业虽发展迅猛,但依然存在着诸如产品结构不合理、生产成本高、监管不力等方面的问题。因此,我国乳业发展应着力建立完善的奶牛选种机制,积极发展乳业合作社,促进奶牛养殖的规模化;加强对乳业的质量监督,完善配套的社会化服务体系。

As the world＇s largest dairy country, New Zealand, Holland and the United States show their development in common . T he degree of organization brings cost savings and improves technological pro-gress .The vertical chain of dairy industry is closely related, and by mutual holding, dairy farmers, dairy cooperatives and dairy products processing enterprises form a chain of interest to ensure the long-term de-velopment. Every aspect of the industry chain have strict quality supervision standard, third party inspec-tion and evaluation system to ensure the implementation of standard. Compared with the rapid develop-ment of Chinese dairy industry, it still exists problems, such as unreasonable product structure, high pro-duction costs, poor supervision and so o n. Therefore, w e should focus on the establishment of selection mechanism in dairy cows, promote dairy farming scale and the development of dairy cooperatives, strengthen the quality supervision of the dairy industry and improve the social service system.