不同时间嫁接对桑树成活率的影响试验初报

Preliminary Report on Effect of Grafting in Different Time on Survival Rate of Mulberry

桑树嫁接是良种推广和品种改良的有效途径之一。目前传统的桑树种质资源主要采用嫁接进行保存且大多在冬末春初进行,这导致桑树种质资源收集的有效时期较短且集中于秋冬季,不利于野生桑树性状考察和资源收集。为了拓宽野生资源的考察收集时期,2013~2015年,采用不同的嫁接方式在不同时间对不同木质化程度的穗条进行嫁接试验。结果表明:3月冬芽不同方式嫁接的成活率无显著差异,6月鲜芽和冬芽不同嫁接方式的桑苗成活率呈极显著差异,新鲜穗条木质化程度与嫁接成活率密切相关,7芽位以上的鲜芽其嫁接成活率在85%以上,且其简易芽接在嫁接时间上没有太大限制,可以延长桑树的嫁接时间。为桑树资源搜集拓宽了嫁接时间,以及快速推广桑树良种提供了一定的理论依据。

Grafting is one of the effective ways to popularize and improve mulberry varieties. At present,the traditional mulberry germplasm resources are preserved mainly through the grafting conducted from the end of winter to the beginning of spring,which causes the effective period of collecting and investigating wild mulberry germplasm resources is short. In order to broaden the effective period of wild mulberry resources collection and investigation,the author carried out mulberry grafting tests with different grafting methods,different grafting time and different lignified cuttings during 2013 ~ 2015. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the survival rate of mulberry seedlings among different grafting methods for winter buds in March,but there was a very significant difference in the survival rate among different grafting methods for both fresh buds and winter buds in June. The lignified degree of fresh cuttings was closely related to the survival rate of grafted mulberry seedlings. The survival rate of grafting with fresh buds above the seventh bud-position reached more than 85%,and their simple budding did not be too limited by grafting time.