塔尔巴哈台山家庭牧场典型牧户草畜平衡动态监测及调控研究

Study on Dynamic Monitoring and Regulating of Forage-livestock Balance in Typical Family Ranch in Tarbagatai Mountains

草畜平衡是解决目前草畜失衡的有效方法,也是实现畜牧业健康、持续发展的根本出路^([1])。本文通过对塔尔巴哈台山家庭牧场典型牧户草畜平衡动态监测研究发现,由于3个试验户夏牧场人均占有草场面积相对较大,且由于气候原因导致夏牧场利用时间相对较短,致使夏牧场实际载畜量均明显低于理论载畜量,有较大的发展利用空间;试验户1春秋牧场均有超载,其中春牧场超载较明显,超载98个羊单位;试验户2春、夏、秋三个季牧节场均欠载,试验户3草畜基本平衡。

Currently,forage-livestock balance is effective to solve the forage-livestock imbalance,which is also the fundamental way out for the health and sustainable development of animal husbandry.This paper studies the dynamic monitoring and regulating of forage-livestock balance in typical family ranch in Tarbagatai mountains,and presents that,actual livestock carrying capacity in Summer pasture is obviously lower than its theoretical capacity because that the per capita area of pasture in three test units of Summer pasture is relative large,and the utilization period is relative short due to the climate,therefore,it is with great potential for development;the test unit 1 in Spring and Fall pastures is overloading,and 98 sheep units are overloading;test unit 2 in Spring,Summer and Fall pastures are underloading;and the forage livestock in test unit 3 is primary balanced.