基于文献计量的诺贝尔奖成果专利垄断战略情报分析——1993年诺贝尔化学奖PCR技术的实证分析

Information Analysis on Patent Monopoly Strategy about Nobel Prize Achievements Based on Bibliometrics——Illustration by the Example of the 1993 Nobel Prize in Chemistry of PCR Technology

聚合酶链反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)技术的颠覆性创新对人类生活产生了很大的影响,基于PCR所具大的市场潜力,国际著名公司进行了PCR专利垄断的战略布局和实施。通过文献检索和专利分析,对PCR技术垄断巨头Rachi的专利布局方式和垄断技术要点进行分析,解析其巨资买断专利和后续布局点专利的价值,说明后续巨额专利费的来源,同时解释了正是因为垄断策略布局而在原理性革命推进中垄断专利策略失效和后来专利居上的"专利蛙跳"原因。

PCR technique as a disruptive innovation has a great impact on our lives. The world＇s leading companies practise the patent strategic layout and implement the patent monopoly based on a large market potential. Through literature search and patent analysis, the monopolies Rachi methods and techniques of the patent monopoly layout for PCR technology are analyzed to explain why the company Rachi spends huge amounts of money to buy out the core patents and subsequent patent distribution points, which indicates the source of the subsequent huge royalties for patent permission. The later patent leapfrogging by another company and the failure of monopoly patent strategy are explained because of monopoly policy in principle by RACHI being advanced and overthrown.