烃源岩发育与生烃过程中无机元素的参加及其作用

The effect of inorganic components on the formation and evolution of hydrocarbon source rock

烃源岩生成演化是一个长时间的复杂过程,无机组分在此过程中起到重要作用。研究后可知,水、矿物、过渡族元素及放射性元素等可以作为反应物或催化剂,对油气形成和演化的全过程都有影响;铀、钍、钾等放射性元素除了具有催化作用以外,其放射性辐射作用可使微生物在生存繁殖过程中快速勃发,为油气的生成提供超过正常生存环境的有机物质;细粒黏土矿物、各类氧化物氢氧化物等由于其吸附性,是决定地层中有机质含量及其生烃潜力的重要条件之一。其他无机元素,如锗、镓等均存在与有机矿产共存的现象。研究后认为,在油气形成过程中,有机、无机相互作用普遍存在,并且扮演着重要的角色。

The formation and evolution of hydrocarbon source rocks is so complicated that a series of inorganic components could contribute to it. Water, minerals, transitional metals and radioactive elements could serve as reactant or catalyst, and the impact on the process of the formation of petroleum. Besides the catalysis of ra- dioactive elements, such as U, Th, K, the radioactive effect will cause large scale of rapid reproduction of hydrobiont, providing extra organic matter for the formation of high-quality source rocks and petroleum. Mean- while, the clay minerals and some other compounds would together facilitate organic matter content and hydro- carbon-bearing potential because of the absorbability. Other inorganic elements such as germanium and galli- um, have both been found in coexistence with organic minerals. It shows that organic-inorganic interactions play a critical role during the formation of organic matter and petroleum.