基于Malmquist指数的工业行业创新效率评价研究

Evaluation of Industrial Enterprise Innovation Efficiency Based on Malmquist Index

该文运用数据包络分析方法(DEA),基于Malmquist指数模型对中国九大类工业行业2011—2014年创新投入产出数据进行计算分析,对其创新效率进行分解、评价和测试。研究发现:中国工业行业全要素生产率(TFP)虽呈现不断上升的良好态势,但整体创新效率偏低,各个行业之间的全要素生产率及其分解指标差距并不大,TFP的变化曲线与规模效率的变化曲线有着非常相似的轨迹,"规模"因素驱动明显;但过高的规模效率导致了综合技术效率低下,由纯技术效率带来的行业发展的长期优势不足。煤炭等基础能源行业近年来的全要素生产率虽有一定程度的提高,但技术进步对全要素生产率的贡献不明显,增长相对缓慢,工业行业缺少核心的技术进步和自主创新能力。

Based on Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA)and Malmquist index method,this paper analyzed the innovation input and output data of nine major industries in China from 2011 to 2014.Innovation efficiency of industries were decomposed,assessed and tested respectively.The results show that although the Total Factor Productivity(TFP)of China's industry is rising steadily,the overall innovation efficiency is still on the low side.The gap and the decomposition index of TFP between various sectors are not obvious.The curve of TFP is fairly similar to that of Scale Efficiency(SE),which shows that SE contributes significantly to the change of TFP.However,higher SE has also led to low comprehensive technical efficiency.The long-term advantages of the development led by pure technological efficiency are insufficient.In recent years,TFP of coal and other basic energy industries has improved by a certain extent,but the contribution of technical change to TFP is unspectacular,and the growth rate of TFP is relatively low,indicating that China's industry is lack of core technological progress and independent innovation capability.