钴离子和氢离子共掺杂聚苯胺的形貌可控制备与电化学性能

Morphology Controllable Preparation and Electrochemical Properties of Polyaniline Co-Doped with Cobalt Ions and Hydrogen Ions

利用氧化聚合法制备钴离子(Co^(2+))和氢离子(H^+)共掺杂聚苯胺(PCoH),系统研究了Co^(2+)/苯胺(An)摩尔比、质子酸的种类和溶剂中水/乙醇体积比对PCoH的形貌和电化学性能的影响。结果表明,随着Co^(2+)/An摩尔比的提高,PCoH由无定形团聚态转变为纳米纤维结构。质子酸为盐酸(HCl)时,PCoH具有疏松规整的短棒结构,内部孔径分布规整,电化学性能最佳。溶剂中加入乙醇有助于PCoH聚合过程中生长出形貌均匀的纳米纤毛结构,并表现出优异的电化学性能,但过量的乙醇会增大PCoH的阻抗。当Co^(2+)/An摩尔比为2∶1,HCl为质子酸,溶剂中水/乙醇体积比为1∶1时,PCoH具有最大的比电容为374 F/g,经1000次循环后,仍保留85.2%的初始比电容,表现出良好的循环稳定性。

Co2 ＋ and H＋ co-doped polyaniline （PCoH） was prepared by oxidative polymerization and the effects of Co2＋/An mole ratio, type of the proton acid and the volume ratio of water/ethanol on the morphology and electrochemical properties of PCoH were also investigated. The results show that the morphology of PCoH changes from the amorphous agglomeration state to the ordered nano fiber structure with increase of the mole ratio of Co2 ＋ / An. When the proton acid is HC1, PCoH has a loosely short bar structure with the regular internal pore size distribution and the best electrochemical performance. The addition of ethanol in the solvent is helpful to growth of the nano structure with uniform morphology during the polymerization and PCoH exhibits excellent electrochemical performance. However, the excessive ethanol could increase the capacitance impedance of PC.oH. PCoH has the maximum specific capacitance of 374 F/g with the Co2＋/An mole ratio of 2：1, HC1 as the proton acid and water/ ethanol volume ratio of 1：1, which still retain 85.2% of the initial specific capacitance after 1000 cycles, and it exhibits good cycling stability.