农民市民化的限度及突破:公共政策视角的检审

Limit and Breakthrough of the Peasants' Citizenization: Review from the Perspective of Public Policy

公共政策是影响农民市民化进程的重要变量。新世纪以来,地方户籍制度改革日益提速,以居住证政策逐步剥离户籍粘附的公共服务,加强配套政策创制,提升了农民市民化水平。然而,进城农民工仍难以与城镇居民享受均等的公共服务,农民工及其子女权益保障缺失,农村"三留守群体"问题突出;部分大城市郊区农民以及中小城镇农民"被市民化",农民市民化质量不高。大城市户籍政策创制的地方权力主导具有局部利益倾向和城市居民利益倾向;户籍政策粘嵌的公共服务难剥离,农民工权益保障缺失;中小城镇配套政策的不完善,市民化内生动力不足。因此,有必要实现大城市、中小城镇农民市民化政策、城乡户籍—土地政策联动改革。

Public policy is an important variable affecting the process of farmers' citizenization. Since the new century, the local household registration reform is accelerating, gradually stripping of the public service of household registration by residence permit policy, strengthening the supporting policy creation, and improving the level of peasants' citizenization. However, it is still difficult for migrant peasants to enjoy equal public services to urban residents. Peasants and their children's rights cannot be guaranteed, and a serious problem is that three kind of people, which are children, women and the old, who lack care and love. Part of the suburbs of large cities and peasants from small towns'are seemingly settled down', and the quality of peasants' citizenization is not good. Local authorities dominate the household registration policy, which shows the tendency to meet the local's interests and urban residents; the household registration policy is difficult to cast off the public service;the rights and interests of migrant workers cannot be guaranteed; supporting policies of small and medium cities are not complete and citizenation lacks endogenous power. Therefore, it is necessary to make peasants from large cities, small and medium towns be citizens, and to carry out urban and rural household registration reform and-land policy reform at the same time.