生物炭对黑土区坡耕地水土保持及大豆增产效应研究

The Effect of Biochar on Soil and Water Conservation and Crop Yield of the Slope Farmland in Black Soil Region

针对东北黑土区坡耕地水土流失严重,农业用水量不足的问题,研究生物炭对该地区的水土保持及作物增产效应,并寻求最优生物炭施用量。2015年,以黑龙江农垦北安分局红星农场3°坡耕地为研究对象,研究不同生物炭施用量对大豆生育期土壤水分动态、表径流、土壤侵蚀、产量和作物水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,生物炭对坡耕地水土保持及大豆节水增产有较好的效果,其中对于水土保持方面,生物炭施用量越高,水土保持效果越好;而对于大豆产量与水分利用效率方面,则生物炭施用量为75 t/hm^2的处理效果最为明显。

Aiming at the serious problems of soil and water loss and the lack of agricultural water of the slope farmland in the northeast black soil region, the research is carried out to discover the effect of biochar on the soil and water conservation and the crop yield increasing and to seek the most appropriate amount. In 2015, different amount of biochar was put in the 3~slope farmland in the Hongxin farm, Bei＇an agricul- tural reclamation, the branch of Heilongjiang to find the changes of the soil water dynamics, surface runoff, soil erosion, yield and water use efficiency in the growth period of soybean. The results show that ： biochar has favorable effects on the soil and water conservation, water sav- ing and yield increasing of soybean on the slope farmland. On one hand, the more amount of biochar is applyed, the more obvious the effect of soil and water conservation is ; on the other hand, the most optimal amount of biochar is 75 t/hm2 for the yield and the water use efficiency of soybean.