母亲抑郁对青少年抑郁的影响：亲子关系的中介作用与青少年消极情绪性的调节作用

The Intergenerational Transmission of Maternal Depression:The Mediating Role of Mother-adolescent Relationship and The Moderating Role of Adolescents' Negative Affectivity

对1708名八年级青少年(平均年龄14.30±0.48岁,男生852名)及其母亲(平均年龄39.17±2.47岁)的抑郁症状、母子关系和青少年消极情绪性进行测量,考察了母亲抑郁对青少年抑郁的影响机制。结果发现:(1)母亲抑郁能够正向预测青少年的抑郁;(2)母子关系在母亲抑郁与青少年抑郁之间起中介作用,母亲抑郁既能增加母子冲突的强度,也能降低母子亲合水平,进而导致青少年的抑郁;(3)青少年消极情绪性在母亲抑郁影响青少年抑郁的中介机制中起调节作用,仅在高消极情绪性的青少年中,母子冲突能够显著预测青少年的抑郁;但消极情绪性不能调节母子亲合对青少年抑郁的影响;(4)母亲抑郁影响青少年抑郁的有调节的中介模型不存在性别差异。

Previous studies have confirmed that maternal depression acts as a significant risk factor of adolescent de- pression, but less has been known about the mechanisms of such intergenerational transmission. Based on the Integrative Model for the Transmission of Risk to Children of Depressed Mothers, the present study investigated the mediation role of mother-adolescent relationships and the moderation role of adolescent negative affectivity in the intergenerational transmission process of depression. A total of 1,708 junior high school students （mean age 14.30 years, 50 % boys） and their mothers （mean age 39.17 years） in Jinan, Shandong province, were recruited as participants. The main findings of this study were as follows： （1） Maternal depression significantly predicted ado- lescent depression. （2） Both adolescent cohesion and conflict with their mothers mediated the intergenerational transmission of maternal depression. Maternal depression not only increased intense mother-adolescent conflict, but weakened mother-adolescent cohesion, thus leading to greater risk for adolescent depression. （3） The associations between mother-adolescent conflict and adolescent depression were moderated by adolescent negative affectivity. Only for those adolescents who had higher levels of negative affectivity, mother-adolescent conflict can positively predict their depression. （4） No gender differences were found in these mediation and moderation effects. These findings highlighted the role of both positive and negative dimensions of mother-adolescent relationships, and also indicated that practitioners should paid attention to both mothers＇ and adolescents＇ characteristics in depression intervention.