“一带一路”沿线之中国新疆—中亚—西亚城市空间扩张

Research on the Urban Expansion of Xinjiang in China, Central Asia and West Asia along the Belt and Road

基于1992、2002和2012年DMSP/OLS夜间灯光遥感数据,借助GIS技术支持,提取中亚、西亚和中国新疆共25个国家和地区的城市像元,从分大区与分国家和地区的夜间灯光强度的时空变化特征,对沿线城市空间的扩张类型、扩张强度的速率和程度、形态紧凑度方面及其驱动机理进行探究。结果表明:(1)中国新疆和西亚城市空间扩张以外延型为主,中亚以填充型居多;填充型扩张以增强填充型像元为主。(2)三大分区城市以加速型为主要扩张类型,各分区内部具有空间分异性;近20年间城市平均扩张程度中国新疆最强、西亚次之、中亚相对较弱。(3)中国新疆和中亚城市平均紧凑度指数都先增大后减小,西亚城市紧凑度指数变化空间差异性明显且总体城市形态更紧凑。分析认为,自然环境约束、城市化进程、国民经济能力、人口分布趋势、政局稳定性及内部现实发展诉求在不同程度上影响城市空间扩张类型、强度和形态紧凑度变化。

It＇ s important to examine the urban expansion between countries and regions on International Economic Cooperation Corridor of Xinjiang, China, Central Asia and West Asia, it enables China to exchange policy and integrate interests with other countries along the Belt and Road and provide scientific basis for national cooperation. The urban expansion types, intensity, compact ratios and driven mechanism were analyzed and based on the spatial-temporal characteristics of light intensity of each cell, which obtained from the DMSP/OLS nighttime light data of 25 countries and regions of Xinjiang, China, Central Asia and West Asia in 1992, 2002 and 2012. The results showed that： （1）The type of urban expansion in Xinjiang, China and West Asia mostly belonged to the extension types and the filling land expansion were most located in Central Asia. And the reinforced type was dominant in filling land expansion. （2）The cities in three large divisions were main accelerated expansion, each division inside had obvious differences. The average expansion intensity was high in Xinjiang, China, low in West Asia, and the lowest in Central Asia in recent 20 years. （3） The average compactness index of the cities in Xinjiang, China and Central Asia has increased firstly and then decreased, the compactness index change had obvious spatial differences and cities were more compact in West Asia. Analysis indicated natural environment conditions, urbanization process, national economy, population distribution, political stability and realistic development demands had different effects on the urban expansion types, intensity, and compact ratio changes.