体育课不同运动负荷对初中生肌肉适能和心肺功能的影响

Impact of different exercise load in physical education class on muscle fitness and cardiorespiratory function of junior high school students

目的探究体育课不同运动强度和持续性运动时间对初中生体育课运动负荷及学生肌肉力量、肌肉耐力和心肺功能的影响,为科学合理地开展体育运动,增强学生体质健康提供依据。方法在上海1所初中学校中选取6个班级226名学生参与为期8周的实验干预。在体育课中嵌入不同强度和持续性时间的运动。6个班级中分别包含15 min大强度和中等强度持续性运动,10 min大强度和中等强度持续性运动,5 min大强度和中等强度持续性运动。结果在体育课平均心率、能量消耗、能量代谢当量上各班级间差异均有统计学意义(F值分别为18.634,8.562,8.162,P值均<0.05)。实验前后比较,在握力体重指数上实验1班和3班,立定跳远上实验1班、2班和3班,仰卧起坐上实验1班和3班,用力肺活量上所有班级,耐力跑上实验1班、2班、3班、4班和5班学生差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。实验后,握力体重指数进步幅度差异有统计学意义(F=9.165,P=0.000),实验4班、5班和6班分别与实验1班和3班比较差异有统计学意义,实验2班与6班比较差异有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。结论体育课嵌入持续性运动时间越长、强度越大对体育课运动负荷提高幅度越大。应保障体育课运动负荷维持在稳定区间。

Objective The aim of this study was to examine the effects of different movement intensities and continuous movement time on the heart rate, energy expenditure and metabolic equivalent of energy, muscle strength, muscle endurance and cardiorespiratory system of junior high school students, and to provide scientific references for having physical exercise scientifical- ly, and for improving students＂ physical quality. Methods Totally 226 students from 6 classes of a middle school in Shanghai were selected to participate in an experiment in the last 8 weeks. The exercises of different intensity and lasting time were offered in phys- ical education class. The 6 classes were provided with 15-minute continuous exercises of great and moderate intensity, 10-minute continuous exercises of great and moderate intensity and 5-minute ones. Results The differences in average HR, EE and MET in PE classes were found of statistical significance（ F= 18.634, 8.562, 8.162, P〈0.01）. By paired-samples t test, the students in ex- perimental class 1 were shown to have significant different GBMI and SU, those in class 1, 2, 3 and 5 were indicated to have signifi- cant difference in FVC and ER, while the students in class 4 had a significant difference in ER（ P〈0.05）. Conclusion The larger time of continuous movement and the more intensive movement were offered to the students in the physical education class, the larger increament of exercise load they have got.The exercise load should be controlled in a stable interval during the physical education class.