新疆优势种银盾革蜱各龄期形态超微观察

Observation on the Ultramorphology of the Various Instar Dermacentor niveus(Acari:Ixodidae)in Xinjiang,Northwestern China

拟阐明银盾革蜱(Dermacentor niveus)各发育阶段形态及其发育特点,为各龄期革蜱类的防治提供一定的实验依据。笔者以新疆地区优势种革蜱——银盾革蜱为实验材料,通过体视显微镜及扫描电子显微镜对银盾革蜱各龄期虫体形态进行观察、鉴定。结果表明,在革蜱属中,银盾革蜱虫卵、幼蜱、若蜱和成蜱超微结构上存在明显差异,虫卵多为长椭圆形,随着孵化时间的增加,虫卵的颜色及内部的结构发生明显改变;幼蜱口下板齿式为2|2、肢节为3对(Ⅰ~Ⅲ)、无气门板、无生殖孔、肛门瓣刚毛1对、无肛后沟等;若蜱口下板齿式为3~2|2~3、肢节为4对(Ⅰ~Ⅳ)、无生殖孔但具有气门板、肛门瓣刚毛3对、假头基为三角形等;成蜱雄性的口下板齿式为3|3、具有生殖孔和气门板、肛门瓣刚毛5对半、肢节Ⅳ(股节、胫节和后跗节)腹面都具有3个齿状突等;成蜱雌性的口下板齿式为4~3|3~4、每一侧孔区具有一根刚毛、肛门瓣刚毛5对、肢节Ⅳ无齿状突等。本试验对银盾革蜱各发育阶段形态结构、鉴定要点等进行研究,初次描述了其各龄期超微结构及发育过程,为地方蜱传疾病综合防控提供一定的实验依据。

This experiment was conducted to explain the difference between developmental stage and characteristics, and also provide a reference for the prevention and treatment in various instar of Derrnacentor niveus. Dermacentor niveus was the dominant species as experimental materials in Xinjiang, while these stages of Derrnacentor niveus was identified by stereo microscope and SEM. The ultrastructures of Dermacentor niveus had significantly difference between eggs, larvae, nymphs and adults. Eggs looked like oval, the color and internal structures of eggs were obvious- ly changed in incubation time. Larvae can be distinguished by dental formula 2｜2; 3 pairs of odomere; none of spiracular plate, Genital aperture and anal groove; anal vaives with 1 pair of se- tae. Nymphs can be distinguished by dental formula 3-2｜2-3, 4 pairs of podomere; spiracular plate; none of Genital aperture; anal vaives with 3 pairs of setae; basis capitulum, with triangle. Male of adult ticks can be identified by dental formula 3｜3; spiracular plate, genital aperture; surface of anal vaives, with 5.5 pairs of setae; ventral idiosoma of Podomere IV （femur, tibia and metatarsus）, with 3 odontoid processes. Female of adult ticks can be also distinguished by dental formula 4-3｜3-4; Dorsal of basis capitulum, each side of the porose area with a setal the surface of anal vaives, with 5 pairs of setae; none of ventral idiosoma of Podomere IV. Identification and distinction of dominant species was studied in various instar Dermacentor niveus in Xinjiang, and also firstly described for the development and ultrastructures in different growth. The research would provide a reference of integrated control with tick-borne diseases in Xinjiang.