供给制与延安文学:从个人走向集体

From Individual to Collective : The Supply System and Yan'an Literature

供给制对于延安文学来说有着重要的意义。事实上,供给制不仅是供养延安文人的一种方式,更是生成延安文学的一种经济形态。延安的文学团体、文学刊物、文人生存都以供给制为经济基础,延安文学的生产、流通、接受等各个环节也都受供给制的左右。随着市场的消解,依靠"公家"生存的延安文学与政治的距离无限接近,延安文人的话语空间也受到了影响。因此,当以个人主义为核心的文人小资产阶级意识在延安爆发时,中国共产党能迅速地加以控制、引导,并构建一种符合文化军队定位的、以集体主义为核心价值观的文学理念。同时,供给制的存在,也在一定程度上影响到了延安文学的表现主体与创作形式。

The supply system is of great significance to the Yan'an literature. In fact,the supply system is not only a way to support the literati in Yan'an,but also an economic form of Yan'an literature. The literary groups,literary periodicals and literati lives in Yan'an are all based on the supply system,and the production,circulation and acceptance of Yan'an literature are also influenced by the supply system. With the digestion of the market,the Yan'an literature and politics are so close to each other that the discourse space of the literati is also affected. Therefore,when taking individualism as the core of the petty bourgeoisie consciousness broke out in Yan'an,the Communist Party of China can quickly control it and give a guidance to it and build a literary ideas of cultural orientation taking collectivism as the core values and conforming to the army collectivism. At the same time,the existence of the supply system,to some extent,affected the main body and creative forms of Yan'an literature.