畜禽养殖废弃物资源化的纵向关系选择研究——基于北京市养殖场户视角

The vertical relationship selection of livestock and poultry breeding waste recycling based on the perspective of farmers in Beijing

除技术选择外,养殖场户畜禽养殖废弃物资源化纵向关系的选择对资源化治理效率的提高同样具有重要意义。根据2015年北京郊区养殖场户的调查数据,运用多变量Probit模型对养殖场户畜禽粪便资源化纵向关系选择的影响因素和相互关系进行实证分析。主要结论有:(1)多数养殖场户能通过不同纵向关系实现畜禽粪便资源化;(2)养殖场户在赠予与销售给周边种植户之间、赠予给周边种植户与销售给粪污经销商之间、销售给周边种植户与销售给粪污经销商之间的选择行为均具有显著替代效应;(3)养殖场户选择不同纵向关系的主要影响因素有是否从事种植业生产、周边种植户施用粪肥积极性、距农田距离、是否参加养殖废弃物治理培训、是否接受养殖废弃物治理补贴、对政策的感知、无害化处理设施配备等级等;(4)经济效益直接影响养殖场户的纵向关系选择,自家还田的经济成本最低、生态效益实现最快,废弃物排放数量与质量是制约生态效益的重要因素。据此提出相关政策建议。

In addition to technology selection, the vertical relationship for livestock and poultry breeding waste recycling has important to improving the efficiency of recycling governance. Here, we analyzed factors and mutual relationships of famers choosing different vertical relationships, based on a dataset of farmers in Beijing in 2015 and multivariate probit model. We found that most of the surveyed farmers realize livestock and poultry waste recycling by different organizational modes. Farmers＇ choosing behavior has a substitution effect between gifting and selling to surrounding growers, between gifting to surrounding growers and selling to waste dealers, and between selling to surrounding growers and selling to waste dealers. The main factors that influences farmers choosing different vertical relationships include whether they are engaged in plant production, enthusiasm for surrounding growers using manure, distance from farmland, whether to participate in breeding waste management training, whether to accept breeding waste management subsidies, policy perception and levels of disposal facilities. Economic benefits have a direct influence on the vertical relationship of households, and retuming own farmland cost the least and resulted in the fastest benefits economically and ecologically. However, waste quantity and quality are important factors restricting the ecological benefits. We discuss relevant policy considerations in light of these data.