不同氮肥水平下蚯蚓粪施用对水稻生长特性及产量的影响

Effects of Earthworm Casts Application on Growth and Yield of Rice under Different Nitrogen Rate

以两优培九为材料,采用大田微区试验,研究不同氮肥水平(N1,9 g/m^2;N2,12 g/m^2;N3,15 g/m^2)下不同蚯蚓粪施用量(EC0,0;EC_1,16.88 kg/m^2;EC_2,33.76 kg/m^2)对水稻生长及产量形成的影响。结果表明,移栽40 d后EC_2和EC_1处理的茎蘖数均显著高于EC0(P<0.05);幼穗分化期和乳熟期EC0处理的SPAD值均显著低于EC_1和EC_2处理(P<0.05);齐穗期EC0处理的叶面积指数分别比EC_1和EC_2处理低32.7%和80.7%,地上部总干物质量分别比EC_1和EC_2处理低30.6%和59.8%;成熟期有效穗数、地上部干物质量和水稻产量均表现为EC_2>EC_1>EC0,EC_2和EC_1处理的有效穗数分别比EC0处理多41.5%和21.3%、地上部干物质量分别比EC0处理高47.7%和25.8%、产量分别比EC0处理高35.4%和34.3%。由此可见,施用蚯蚓粪便可促进水稻分蘖,提高水稻叶面积、SPAD值和地上部干物质量,进而提高水稻籽粒产量。

In order to explore the effects of earthworm casts on growth and yield of rice under different nitrogen application rate, a micro-plot field experiment was conducted under three levels of nitrogen fertilizer（ N1, 9 g/m2; N2,12 g/m2; N3,15 g/m2）and three levels of earthworm casts（EC0, 0; EC1, 16.88 kg/m2; EC2, 33.76 kg/m2）. The results showed that the grain yield, effective panicle numbers and shoot dry weight under different nitrogen levels all ranked as EC2 〉 EC1 〉 EC0. The grain yield of EC2 and EC1 were higher than EC0 by 35.4% and 34.3%, respectively. Compared with EC0, EC2 and EC1 had more effective panicle numbers by 41.5% and 21.3%, respectively. Above ground biomass of EC2 and EC1 were higher than EC0 by 47.7% and 25.8%, respectively. The leaf area of EC0 was lower than EC1 and EC2 by 7.1% and 21.4%, and shoot dry weight was lower than EC1 and EC2 by 30.6% and 59.8%, respectively at heading stage. The tiller numbers of EC2 and EC1 were significantly higher than EC0 after transplanting for 40 days（P〈0.05）. As well as SPAD values in EC0 was significantly lower than those in EC2 and EC1 at panicle initiation stage and milk-rape stage（P〈0.05）. However, there were no significant effect on nitrogen absorption from chemical fertilizer in rice growth period（P〉0.05）. The study indicated that applying appropriate amount of earthworm casts could increase the panicle rate, leaf area, SPAD value and shoot dry weight of rice which finally enhance the grain yield.