2014年青岛市不同运动素质中小学生体成分比较

Comparison on body composition index among adolescents with different motor constitution,Qingdao city,2014

目的了解青岛市高、低运动素质中小学生的体质质量及体成分构成区别。方法以参加2014年青岛市学生体质与健康调研的7~18岁汉族中小学生为研究对象,测量身高、体重及上臂、肩胛下角2处皮脂厚度测量值测算BMI值,并根据长岭晋吉公式和Brozek公式估算体成分。凡速度、爆发力、肌耐力、耐力跑和身体柔韧性均高于同性别、同年龄组均值为高运动素质,均低于同性别、同年龄组均值为低运动素质。结果男生高运动素质者占12.71%,低运动素质占9.69%;女生高素质运动者占10.78%,低素质运动者占7.57%。高运动素质者脂肪组织(FM)(10.51±5.56kg)、非脂肪组织(FMI)(4.13±1.95kg/m2)低于低运动素质者(20.65±13.75kg、8.10±4.79kg/m2)(P<0.01),而脂肪组织指数(FFM)(36.91±11.26kg)、非脂肪组织指数(FFMI)(14.43±1.93kg/m2)高于后者(34.97±11.13kg、13.89±2.18kg/m2)(P<0.01);低运动素质组肥胖和超重率(29.45%、21.14%)高于普通组(10.01%、14.82%)和高运动素质组(1.38%、8.65%)(P<0.01)。结论高、低运动素质中小学生的体成分指数存在明显差别。

Objective To understand the differences in physical quality and body composition among primary and second- ary school students with high motor constitution and low motor constitution. Methods The BMI values were calculated by measuring the height, body weight, sebum thickness of upper arm and subscapular angle among primary and secondary school students aged 7-18 years in Qingdao city, 2014, and the body compositions were calculated according to the Changling Jinji formula and Brozek＇s formula. The average value was the high motor constitution if the speed, explosive force,endurance,and physical flexibility were all better than the average level of the same gender and age,and the ones whose indices worse than the normal were determined as the low motor constitution group. Results The detection rate of children and adolescents with high motor constitution was 12.71% for boys and 10.78M for girls. The detection rate with low motor constitution was 9.69% for boys and 7, 57O/oo for girls. The FM（10. 51±5.56 kg）and FMI（4.131.95 kg/m^2） of children and adolescents with high motor constitution were higher（20.65 ±13.75 kg, 8.10 ± 4.79 kg/m^2） （ P〈0.01）and the FFM（36.91±11.26 kg）and FFMI（14.43±1.93 kg/m^2） were lower than that with low motor constitution （34.97±11.13 kg,13.89±2. 18 kg/m^2） （ P〈0.01）;the detection rate with obesity and overweight of children and ado- lescents with low motor constitution （29.45%,21.14 %）was higher than that with normal motor constitution （10.01%, 14.82%） or high motor constitution（1.38%,8.65%）（ P〈0.01）. Conclusion There are significant differences in the body composition index among primary and secondary school students with high motor constitution and low motor consti- tution.