川崎病流行病学研究进展

Update in the epidemiologic study of Kawasaki disease

川崎病是一种主要发生于<5岁儿童的系统性血管炎,自40多年前首次在日本被报道以来,全世界已有超过60个国家报道了川崎病的发生,已成为发达国家后天性儿童心脏病的主要原因。不同的调查方法、依赖于临床表现的诊断和不完全川崎病病例的比例导致各国流行病学结果存在差异性和局限性,高估或低估了真实发病率。但流行病学研究揭示了该病病因与基因及环境等因素密切相关的特点,包括亚裔人口的高发病率、家族内高发病率、显著季节性和年龄分布等。疾病本身发病率的增高、临床工作者对疾病认识的增强及就诊率的提高或许共同导致近年来该病发病率在多数国家呈上升趋势。该文对各国的川崎病流行病学研究进行回顾。

Kawasaki disease is a systemic vasculitis that mainly affects children younger than 5 years old. Since its first report over 40 years ago in Japan, Kawasaki disease has been diagnosed in more than 60 countries in the world until now and it has also been recognized as a leading cause of acquired heart disease in children in developed countries. Variation in study methods, clinically-based diagnosis and proportion of ineom plete cases may lead to variations and limitations of the results, under-reporting or over-reporting the true incidence. However, epidemiological studies have revealed genetic aspect and environmental aspect of etiology, including a heightened incidence in people of Asian descent, higher relative risk of the disease, marked seasonality and age distribution, etc. The true incidence of the disease, the increased awareness and access to special medical services may all contribute to the rising incidence of the disease in most countries over the years. This paper sought to review systemically the epidemiologic features of KD in the world.