苯酚直接羟基化制备苯二酚反应体系中催化剂的设计与性能

Design and Performance of Catalysts for Direct Hydroxylation of Phenol to Dihydroxybenzene

邻苯二酚和对苯二酚是重要的工业原料。苯酚一步羟基反应合成苯二酚的方法原子利用率高且节能高效,符合可持续发展的理念。以H_2O_2为氧化剂氧化苯酚合成苯二酚的工艺,流程简单、反应条件温和且绿色环保,成为催化合成领域的研究热点。在该反应中,苯酚的转化率和产物苯二酚的收率高低取决于催化剂的活性。本文综述了近几年在苯酚羟基化制备苯二酚反应中催化剂的研究进展。按照反应体系的不同,催化剂可被分为热催化反应体系中的催化剂和光催化反应体系中的催化剂。催化剂的催化性能主要以苯酚转化率、苯二酚的选择性和稳定性等方面作为评价指标。本文重点介绍了以H_2O_2为氧化剂的液相非均相催化体系中含金属催化剂的研究现状,并在最后对催化剂在苯酚一步羟基化制备苯二酚的反应体系中的制备与应用作了展望。

Catechol and hydroquinone are important industrial raw materials. The methods by which phenol hydroxylates to dihydroxybenzene（ catechol and hydroquinone） by one step are high in utilization of reactant atoms,energy-saving and efficient,which are in line with the concept of sustainable development. Using H2O2 as oxidant in the oxidation process of phenol to dihydroxybenzene has become a hot spot in the field of catalytic synthesis because it is simple,environmentally-friendly and it can be done under mild reaction conditions. The catalyst plays a decisive role in this reaction system,and the phenol conversion and yield of the product greatly depend on the catalytic activity of catalyst. In this paper,the recent progresses in the catalysts which are used forthe hydroxylation of phenol to dihydroxybenzene are reviewed. According to the reaction system,the catalysts are divided into the catalysts used in thermal-driven reaction systems and in photocatalytic reaction systems. The catalytic performances of the catalysts are mainly evaluated by the conversion of phenol,the selectivity of dihydroxybenzene and stability. The research of metal-containing catalysts in heterogeneous reaction systems using H2O2 as oxidant is mainly introduced. Finally,the development trends of application of catalysts in the reaction system of one-step hydroxylation of phenol with H2O2 are prospected.