宜昌市流动人口孕产妇产后抑郁发生率及影响因素

Incidence rate of postpartum depression and its influencing factors among loating population in Yichang City

目的研究宜昌市流动人口孕产妇产后抑郁发生情况,并探讨其影响因素,为减少产后抑郁发生提供理论依据。方法选择2016年3—9月在宜昌市4所综合性医院妇产科分娩的431名流动人口孕产妇作为研究对象,采用一般资料问卷以及爱丁堡产后抑郁量表(EPDS)对其产后抑郁发生情况进行调查,采用logistic多因素回归分析产后抑郁发生的影响因素。结果宜昌市流动人口孕产妇产后抑郁发生率为14.39%(62/431),EPDS总均分为(8.72±4.79)分,产后抑郁组孕产妇EPDS得分为(17.84±3.25)分,产后健康组孕产妇EPDS得分为(7.19±2.96)分,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);高龄、低收入家庭、无生育保险、夫妻生活不满意、居住条件不满意、对新生儿性别有期待、产前焦虑、新生儿不健康、未接受健康教育均是导致产后抑郁的重要影响因素,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论引起流动人口孕产妇产后抑郁的主要因素来源于孕妇自身的负性心理以及缺乏对妊娠分娩的正确认识,因此建议加强社会以及家庭对孕产妇的支持和安慰,同时注重对孕产妇的健康教育。

[Objective] To study the incidence of postpartum depression in floating population of Yichang City, explore the influencing factors, and provide a theoretical basis for reducing postpartum depression. [Methods] 431 postpartum women of floating population were chosen as research objects, who had delivered in 4 general hospitals of Yiehang City from March to September in 2016. The general information questionnaire and Edinburgh postnatal depression scale （EPDS） were used to investigate the incidence of postpartum depression. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of postpartum depression. [Results] The incidence rate of postpartum depression among floating population in Yichang City was 14.39% （62/431）. The total average score of EPDS was （8.72±4.79） points, while the EPDS score of the postpartum depression group was （17.84±3.25） points and that of the postpartum healthy group was （7.19±2.96） points, and the difference was statistically significant （P〈0.05）. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that advanced age, low family income, having no maternity insurance, unsatisfied couple relationship, discontented living conditions, expectations of newborn sex, prenatal anxiety, unhealthy neonate, and lack of heahh education were all the significant factors leading to postpartum depression, and the differences were statistically significant（P〈0.05）. [Conclusion] The main factors that lead to the maternal postpartum depression are the negative psychology of pregnant women and the lack of correct understanding of pregnancy and childbirth. Therefore, it is proposed that the support and comfort from the society and family should be strengthened, in addition, the maternal health education needs to be improved.