南通市二次供水卫生管理现状及监管对策

Sanitary management status and supervisory measures of secondary water supply in Nantong City

目的了解南通市二次供水单位的卫生管理和水质状况,查找饮用水卫生安全隐患,为采取有效措施,进一步做好二次供水监管工作提供科学依据。方法于2015年采用现场卫生监督检查、查看二次供水档案资料和水质抽样检测相结合的方法对全市356家二次供水单位进行调查。结果检查发现有水箱(池)的二次供水单位在卫生管理制度、水箱(池)是否专用、水箱(池)容积是否符合要求、设施设备是否有安全防护、水污染事件应急处置情况、设施设备周围污染情况、水箱(池)定期清洗消毒、水管人员健康证明和卫生知识培训合格证持有等卫生状况的合格率较无水箱(池)的二次供水单位低,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01);使用时间在2005年之前的有水箱(池)二次供水设施的合格率低于使用时间在2005年之后的,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=41.81,P<0.01);有水箱(池)的二次供水水质抽检合格率为85.59%,低于无水箱(池)的二次供水单位,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=18.04,P<0.01)。结论有水箱(池)的二次供水单位存在设计、施工不合理,卫生管理工作参差不齐,水质监督抽检合格率不高的问题,二次供水存在安全隐患,建议进一步完善相关法律(规),明确二次供水单位的责任主体,改革现行的供水管理体制,加大陈旧设施的改造力度,建立二次供水媒体公示制度,推广应用二次供水新技术等。

[Objective]To understand the current situation of sanitary management and water quality of secondary water supply in Nantong City, explore the hidden danger of drinking water, and provide a scientific basis for taking effective measures and further improving the supervision of secondary water supply.[Methods]In 2015, 356 secondary water supply enterprises in Nantong City were investigated by the field inspection, consulting archives and sampling detection.[Results]It found that the qualified rates of sanitary management system, exclusive use of water tank（pit）, volume of water tank（pit）, safety protection for facilities and equipments, emergency disposal of water contamination accident, contamination status around the facilities and equipment, regular cleaning and disinfection of water tank（pit）, holding status of health certificate and approval certification of hygienic knowledge training among water quality management staff in secondary water supply enterprises with water tank（pit） were lower than those in enterprises without water tank（pit）, the differences were statistically significant（P〈0.01）.The qualified rate of secondary water supply facilities which have been used before 2005 was lower than that of the facilities used after 2005, and the difference was statistically significant（χ~2=41.81, P〈0.01）.The qualified rate of secondary water supply enterprises with water tank（pit） was85.59%,which was lower than that of secondary water supply enterprises without water tank（pit）, and the difference was statistically significant（χ~2=18.04, P〈0.01）.[Conclusion]The secondary water supply enterprises with water tank（pit） have the problems such as unreasonable design or have used before, uneven levels of sanitary control, and lower qualified rate of water quality, and there are safe hidden troubles in secondary water supply. It is necessary to further improve the relevant laws/regulations, clear the main responsibility of the secondary water supply enterprises, reform the current water supply management system, increase the transformation intensity of old facilities, set up media publicity system, and promote the new technology of secondary water supply.