经营者集中反垄断审查的豁免标准与实施机制——兼评南车北车并购案

Exemption Standards and Enforcement Mechanism of Centralized Antitrust Review by Operators——Comments on the CSR and the CNR Merger

反垄断法的价值目标在于保护公平竞争,提高经济效率,保护消费者利益和社会公共利益。但不同的法益目标会发生冲突,如何平衡反垄断法的各种价值目标在实践中具有不确定性,反垄断法的价值实现常常是相机抉择的结果。在经营者集中的反垄断审查中,为了经济效益和社会公共利益,对特定的可能排除、限制竞争的经营者集中给予反垄断豁免具有其合理性。但维护公平竞争秩序是反垄断法的根本目标,其他目标的实现不应该对竞争造成严重损害,否则就不应该豁免。经营者集中的反垄断审查不仅应符合经济上的合理性,还应遵守反垄断法的相关规定和程序正义。南车北车的并购案基于产业政策的反垄断豁免可能会损害国内市场竞争秩序,有待商榷。

The antitrust law aims to protect fair competition, increase economic efficiency, protect consumers＇ interests and public interests. But different legal interests will conflict, and it is uncertain how to balance the various value goal of antitrust law in practice. The value of the anti-monopoly law implementation often is the result of discretion. In the antitrust review of operators concentration, it＇s rational for the sake of economic and social public interests, to give antitrust immunity to the operators who are likely to exclude or restrict competition. But maintaining the order of fair competition is the basic objective of anti-monopoly law. The realization of other goals should not cause serious harm to competition, otherwise it should not be exempted. The antitrust review concentrated by the operators should not only meet the economic rationality, but also comply with the relevant provisions of the anti-monopoly law and procedural justice. The CSR and the CNR merger, based on the industrial policy of antitrust exemption, may damage the domestic market competition order, which should be thought about again.