中国2010—2012年6～17岁儿童青少年睡眠状况

Sleep duration among Chinese children and adolescents aged 6-17 years old

目的了解中国6~17岁儿童青少年睡眠状况,为制定干预措施提供基础资料。方法使用2010—2012年中国居民营养与健康状况监测中部分身体活动调查数据,采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,共调查6~17岁儿童青少年38 744名,对其睡眠情况进行分析。结果中国6~17岁儿童青少年平均每天睡眠时间为8.45 h;不同地区(城市8.43 h,农村8.48 h)、不同性别(男生8.47 h,女生8.44 h)儿童睡眠时间差异无统计学意义;随着年龄段的增长,平均每天睡眠时长呈现递减趋势。6~17岁儿童青少年平均每天睡眠时间不足的比例为69.8%,城市略低于农村(69.2%,70.3%);男女生睡眠不足率基本相同(69.7%,69.8%);随着年龄段的增长,睡眠不足率呈现递减趋势。结论中国6~17岁儿童青少年人群睡眠不足现象严重。有关部门及家庭应重视并创造支持性环境,保障儿童获得充足睡眠,以促进其身心健康发展。

Objective To describe sleep duration and associated problems among Chinese children and adolescents aged 6-17 years old, and to provide basic information for intervention strategies. Methods Data came from 2010-2012 China National Nutrition and Health Surveillance. By using multi-stage stratified cluster randomization sampling method, sleep data of 38 744 children and adolescents was analyzed. Age and sex standardization was performed based on the China 2009 population published by National Statistics Bureau. Results The average sleep duration of Chinese children and adolescents was 8.45 h/d, with no difference between urban and rural area（ 8.43 h and 8.48 h）, or between boys and girls（ 8.47 h and 8.44 h）. With the increase of age,the average daily sleep duration showed a decreasing trend. The percentage of insufficient sleep among children aged 6-17 years in2010-2012 was 69.8%, and the rate of the children in urban area was slightly lower than that of rural areas（ 69.2% and 70.3%）,no difference was found in gender（ 69.7% for boys, 69.8% for girls）. Rate of insufficient sleep was decreasing with age. Conclusion Chinese children and adolescents aged 6-17 years old were lack of sleep. More attention should be paid to build a supportive environment to ensure the sufficient sleep, promoting physical and mental health of children and adolescents in China.