海口市学龄前儿童视力及屈光状况分析

Visual acuity and refractive status among preschool children in Haikou

目的了解海口市学龄前儿童视力和屈光状况特点,为儿童眼保健工作提供指导意见。方法 2015年6月至2016年10月随机抽查海口20所幼儿园共3 654例(7 308眼)3~6岁儿童的视力和屈光状况。年龄<4岁采用图形视力表检查,≥4岁采用对数视力表,以5分记录法记录视力检查结果,用美国伟伦公司的Suresight视力筛查仪检查屈光状态,通知异常者到眼科门诊再次详细复查。结果海口市学龄前儿童视力异常检出率为16.58%,不同年龄组间差异有统计学意义(χ~2=29.75,P<0.05)。随着年龄增长,异常检出率呈下降趋势(χ~2=28.97,P<0.05)。弱视146例,患病率为4.3%。学龄前儿童中主要以单纯远视和复合远视散光类型为主,随年龄增长而减少。结论海口市学龄前儿童视力检出率较高;应早期发现问题,为开展干预和防治提供依据。

Objective To determine visual acuity and refractive state among preschool children in Haikou, as to provide basic information for eyesight care and guidance. Methods From June 2015 to October 2016, visual acuity and refractive status of3 654 preschool children aged 3 to 6 from randomly selected 20 kindergartens in Haikou were assessed using visual acuity chart（ 4 years old）, or logarithmic visual acuity chart and 5-point record（ ≥4 years old）. Refractive status was evaluated by using Welch Allyn＇s Suresight vision screening instrument（ United States）. Positive screening children were informed to visit ophthalmologic clinic for further examination. Results The detection rate of abnormal vision among preschool children in Haikou was 16.58%, significant decreasing with age（ χ~2= 29.75, P 〈0.05）. A total of 146（ 4.3%） children diagnosed with amblyopia. Simple hyperopia and mixed hyperopic with astigmatism were the most common type of abnormal vision among children in Haikou, which both showed decreasing trend with age. Conclusion Abnormal vision is common among preschool children in Haikou, which needs more attention on early detection, prevention and intervention.