发电救国——抗日战争时期重庆地区水力发电事业述论

Save the Nation with Electricity Generation: a Study of Hydroelectric Industry in Chongqing during the War of Resistance against Japan

抗战时期,重庆成为中国战时的政治与经济中心,国防工业与民用事业的电力需求也随之增加。西南地区水力资源丰富,因此积极建设水力发电工程成为缓解能源危机的出路之一。其中,资源委员会主持创办的龙溪河水电工程为国防工业提供了廉价动力;民营富源水力发电公司也为北碚迁建之区照明与其它民用事业提供电力。此外,我们也不应忽略自然环境、沿河民众与这些水电工程的互动。西南地区河流季节性的涨落影响了电力的稳定供应,而修筑蓄水坝又对沿河民众耕地、水磨等产生不利影响,以致于洪灾发生,地方民众归咎于水电工程,称其为新造之灾。近代中国水电事业在起步阶段受到技术、资金和社会等条件的限制。然而,不可否认,这些工程都在抗战的艰苦环境下为最后胜利提供了宝贵的动力资源。

During the War of Resistance against Japan, Chongqing became the wartime capital of China. National defense and civil demand of electricity stimulated the building of hydropower projects in the area. The Longxi river plants mainly served the national defense industry in Changshou. Fuyuan Electrical Company brought light to households, social institutions, and oth-er wartime resettled communities in Beibei. Herein,we should not overlook the interactions among nature, riverside community and these hydropower projects. Seasonal rise and fall of rivers affected the stability and sustainability of electric generation. In addition, these hydropower projects submerged watermills and farmlands. As response, local community attributed unexpected flooding to the building of dams on the river, blaming dams as the source of a new man - made disaster. Overall, despite tensions caused by these dams,these hydropower projects provided precious energy for the final victory of China in the War of Resistance against Japan.