汽车火灾原因的鉴定方法研究

Identification of the Cause of Vehicle Fire

目的总结汽车火灾类型及其鉴定方法。方法通过分析汽车火灾原因鉴定行业现状,对比汽车火灾与建筑火灾区别,归纳汽车火灾的鉴定方法。针对电路故障引发火灾的一类案例,对于现场提取的导线熔痕,从宏观、微观、金相组织和表面成分等几方面进行检测、分析,判断火烧熔痕、一次短路熔痕或二次短路熔痕,从而鉴定火灾原因。结果汽车火灾分为装配质量问题、油液泄漏、电路故障、外来火源引燃、车辆引燃车外可燃物、大型货车制动鼓过热等六种常见类型,不同类型应采用不同的鉴定方法。结论鉴定人员在充分了解火灾基本信息、掌握车辆技术情况后,根据火灾类型相对应的鉴定方法,对现场进行细致勘验,从而判断车辆初始起火部位,鉴定汽车火灾原因。

Objective To establish methods for identifying the cause of vehicle fire. Method Through analyzing the status of forensic expertise of the cause of vehicle fire and comparing the difference between vehicle fire and building fire, the common types of vehicle fire causes were summarized based on typical cases. Especially for electrical faults, the melted marks were analyzed from the aspects of macro, micro, metallographic structure and surface composition. Results Six types of causes of vehicle fire were summarized, including assembly quality issues, oil leak caused by hitting, circuit fault,external fire ignition, vehicles igniting combustible materials outside the car and brake drum overheating of truck. Each type corresponds to a different identification method. Conclusion After learning the basic information of vehicle and fire,practioners can inspect the fire scene according to the summarized methods, determine the initial fire site, and finally find out the cause of vehicle fire.