不同成熟度和老化时间对春小麦种子萌发及幼苗生长特性的影响

Influence of Different Maturity and Aging Times on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Spring Wheat

【目的】研究新疆主栽春小麦品种新春31号在不同成熟度贮藏过程中种子活力的变化。【方法】在100%相对湿度和45℃条件下,将花后15、25和35 d收获的种子分别进行人工加速老化0、2、4、6、8 d处理,并进行恒温发芽试验。发芽前测量3种成熟度种子的长度、宽度、厚度和千粒重等物理指标,发芽过程中测量发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、苗长、根长、幼苗鲜重和干重等种子活力指标,分析不同成熟度、不同老化时间对春小麦幼苗生长和种子活力的影响。【结果】在不同成熟度下籽粒长度差异显著、千粒重和籽粒含水量差异极显著;同一成熟度下,随着老化时间的延长,种子的各相关活力指标均表现为先平缓减小后急剧降低的趋势,拐点出现在老化4 d,处理间均达到差异显著水平;同时上述活力指标在成熟度间差异均达到极显著水平,表现为花后35 d>25 d>15 d;利用逐步回归方法建立的生长指标和种子活力的方程拟合优度较高,R2达0.989以上。【结论】人工老化可模拟自然状态下种子贮藏过程中的变化规律,成熟度和老化时间均影响种子活力的大小,种子发芽后幼苗的干重或鲜重可作为检验种子活力大小的重要指标。

[ Objective] The aim of this study is to determine the dynamic changes of seed vigor of spring wheat 31 with different maturity in the process of storage, which was the main cultivated varieties of Xinjiang spring wheat.[ Method ]Under the condition of 100% relative humidity and 45℃ , the seeds,which were har-vested for 15 d, 25 d and 35 d respectively, treated with artificial accelerated aging and the temperature of germination test,the processing time was respectively 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 d. The physical indexes were measured with the three maturity seed before germination, such as length,width, thickness and weight,the seed vigor index were measured in the process of germinating, including the germination rate, germination potential, ger-mination index, vigor index,seedling length,root length,seedling fresh weight and dry weight, and then the influence of different maturity and aging time on seed vigor of spring wheat was analyzed.[ Result] The results showed that there was significant difference in grain length with different maturity and the difference of 1000 grain weight and grain moisture content was extremely significant; At the same maturity, when the aging time prolonged, the relative vigor indexes of seeds showed the trend of decreasing at first and then decreasing sharp-ly. The inflection point appeared in the aging 4 d, and the difference reached a significant level between the treatments. The difference of the above vigor indexes in maturity reached a very significant level and the per-formance was 35 d after flowering 〉 25 d 〉 15 d. The stepwise regression analysis method was used to estab-lish the equation between growth index and seed vigor, the equation of which had high goodness of fit. The value of i？2 was more than 0.989.[ Conclusion] Artificial aging can be used to simulate the variation of seed storage in the natural state, and the maturity and aging time affect the seed vigor, the results indicate that the fresh weight and dry weight of seedling can be used as the index to test the seed vigor.