物品对生活世界的嵌入与日常情境的生成

Embedment of Artifact into the Life World and the Generation of Daily-life Context

生活世界是一套特定人群所共享的知识与意义系统,它构成一种主观性的生活情境。在现代社会,层出不穷的人造物品已经深度嵌入生活世界,成为一种结构性的存在,不断改变人们的日常认知和体验,逐渐主导日常生活情境的生成。物品嵌入生活世界主要通过这样几个层面:对身体功能的补充与放大、融入物理环境中成为恒常性背景、建构一种生活规范、承载日常生活的知识和意义。受此影响,生活世界的运行机制发生了转变,一是人与物的互动成为日常情境生成的重要动力,二是专业精英作为外部力量逐渐起主导作用,并且使生活世界趋同化。从结果来看,物品作为媒介在形式上确保了生活世界的延续,但是后者的核心价值却因此遭到了减损。

Life world can be defined as a set of knowledge and meaning shared by a specific group of people,generating a subjective life context.In modern society,the continuously-manufacturing artifact has been embedded in the life world to a very profound degree and has been evolved to a structural existence to dominate the generation of daily-life context. The artifact's embedment into life world can be mainly manifested in the following aspects:how the artifact supplements and enlarges human body function,how the artifact is integrated into the physical environment as constant background and how the artifact constructs life norms,knowledge and meaning that are related to daily life. Out of the influence of artifact,the generation and operation mechanism of life world has experienced changes——the first is that the interaction of humans and artifact has become the key driving force of the generation of daily-life context; the second is that the professional elites have played an increasingly leading role in this generation as an external force and caused the tendency of homogeneity of the life world. As a whole,the artifact as a medium ensures the sustainability of life world in a physical sense,whereas the core values of life world are undermined by the artifact.